Visual pigments and opsin expression in the juveniles of three species of fish (rainbow trout, zebrafish, and killifish) following prolonged exposure to thyroid hormone or retinoic acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 522 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Suliman ◽  
Iñigo Novales Flamarique
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Opsin Expression

Spatio-temporal characterization of retinal opsin gene expression during thyroid hormone-induced and natural development of rainbow trout

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHY VELDHOEN ◽  
W. TED ALLISON ◽  
NIK VELDHOEN ◽  
BRADLEY R. ANHOLT ◽  
CAREN C. HELBING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Opsin Gene ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cone Photoreceptors ◽  
Opsin Expression ◽  
Natural Development

The abundance and spatial distribution of retinal cone photoreceptors change during thyroid hormone (TH)-induced and natural development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These changes are thought to allow the fish to adapt to different photic environments throughout its life history. To date, the ontogeny of rainbow trout cone photoreceptors has been examined using physiological and morphological approaches. In this study, we extended these observations by measuring opsin gene expression in retinal quadrants during natural and TH-induced development. Gene expression during natural development was investigated in retinae from fish at both parr and smolt stages. The role of TH in modulating opsin gene expression was determined in TH-treated parr and control fish sampled after two, nine, and 22 days of treatment. Total RNA was isolated from each retinal quadrant and steady-state opsin mRNA levels were measured using reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) analysis. Expression of ultraviolet-sensitive opsin (SWS1), rod opsin (RH1), middle wavelength-sensitive opsin (RH2), and long wavelength-sensitive opsin (LWS) transcripts vary spatially in the parr retina. Smolts, compared to parr, had downregulated SWS1 expression in all quadrants, lower LWS expression dorsally, higher RH1 expression nasally, and higher RH2 expression dorsally. In TH-treated parr, SWS1 opsin expression was downregulated in the nasal quadrants by two days. SWS1 displayed the greatest degree of downregulation in all quadrants after nine days of treatment, with an increase in short wavelength-sensitive (SWS2) and RH2 opsin mRNA expression in the temporal quadrants. This study reveals that opsin genes display spatially significant differences within rainbow trout retina in their level of mRNA expression, and that regulation of opsin expression is a dynamic process that is influenced by TH. This is particularly evident for SWS1 gene expression in parr following TH-induced and natural development.

Disrupted eye and head development in rainbow trout with reduced ultraviolet ( sws1 ) opsin expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Novales Flamarique ◽  
Ryo Fujihara ◽  
Ryosuke Yazawa ◽  
Kennedy Bolstad ◽  
Brent Gowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Opsin Expression ◽  
Head Development

The conserved ninth C-terminal heptad in thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors mediates diverse responses by affecting heterodimer but not homodimer formation

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5725-5737
Author(s):  
M Au-Fliegner ◽  
E Helmer ◽  
J Casanova ◽  
B M Raaka ◽  
H H Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Heptad Repeat ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Response Elements

The receptors for thyroid hormone (T3R), all-trans-retinoic acid (RAR), and 9-cis-retinoic acid (RXR) bind DNA response elements as homo- and heterodimers. The ligand-binding domains of these receptors contain nine conserved heptads proposed to play a role in dimerization. Mutant receptors with changes in the first or last hydrophobic amino acids in the highly conserved ninth heptad of chick T3R alpha [cT3R alpha(L365R) and cT3R(L372R)] and human RAR alpha (hRAR alpha) [hRAR(M377R) and hRAR(L384R)] reveal that this heptad is essential for certain heterodimeric interactions and for diverse functional activities. Without ligands, wild-type receptors form both homodimers and heterodimers, while these mutants form only homodimers. Surprisingly, the cognate ligand for each mutant enables heterodimer formation between cT3R(L365R) and RAR or RXR and between hRAR(M377R) and T3R or RXR. Both cT3R(L365R) and hRAR(M377R) mediate ligand-dependent transcriptional regulation. However, unlike the wild-type receptor, non-ligand-associated cT3R(L365R) does not suppress the basal activity of certain promoters containing thyroid hormone response elements, suggesting that this silencing effect of T3R is mediated by unliganded heterodimers of T3R and endogenous RXR or related factors. Heterodimerization is also necessary for the strong ligand-independent inhibition between T3R and RAR on a common response element, since the ninth-heptad mutants function as poor inhibitors. However, with a T3R-specific response element, hRAR(M377R) acts as a retinoic acid-dependent inhibitor of cT3R, indicating the importance of heterodimerization for this inhibition. Our studies also suggest that the ninth heptad is necessary for the dominant inhibition of wild-type T3Rs by mutant T3Rs, as has been found for the thyroid hormone-resistant syndrome in humans. Thus, the ninth heptad repeat is required for heterodimerization, suppression of basal promoter activity, and dominant negative effects of T3R and RAR. Lastly, the finding that cT3R(L365R) and hRAR(M377R) require ligands for heterodimer formation also raises the possibility that heterodimeric interactions are mediated by the ninth heptad without ligands but by a second region of these receptors with ligands.

scholarly journals Retinoic Acid Induces Expression of the Thyroid Hormone Transporter, Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 (Mct8)

2010 ◽  
Vol 285 (35) ◽  
pp. 27279-27288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Kogai ◽  
Yan-Yun Liu ◽  
Laura L. Richter ◽  
Kaizeen Mody ◽  
Hiroyuki Kagechika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter

Effect of dietary cholecalciferol deficiency on plasma thyroid hormone concentrations in rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri (Pisces, Salmonidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Leatherland ◽  
Brian J. Barnett ◽  
C. Young Cho ◽  
Stanley J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document