scholarly journals Astrocyte-secreted factors modulate the developmental distribution of inhibitory synapses in nucleus laminaris of the avian auditory brainstem

2012 ◽  
Vol 520 (6) ◽  
pp. 1262-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Korn ◽  
Scott J. Koppel ◽  
Lan H. Li ◽  
Divya Mehta ◽  
Sonia B. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Nucleus Laminaris ◽  
Secreted Factors

Why is the perceptual octave stretched? An account based on mismatched time constants within the auditory brainstem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain de Cheveigné
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Coincidence Counting ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Direct Pathway ◽  
Lower Tone ◽  
Excitatory And Inhibitory Synapses

This paper suggests an explanation for listener’s greater tolerance to positive than negative mistuning of the higher tone within an octave pair. It hypothesizes a neu- ral circuit tuned to cancel the lower tone, that also cancels the higher tone if that tone is in tune. Imperfect cancellation is the cue to mistuning of the octave. The circuit involves two pathways, one delayed with respect to the other, that feed a coincidence-counting neuron via excitatory and inhibitory synapses. A mismatch between the time constants of these two synapses results in an asymmetry in sen- sitivity to mismatch. Specifically, if the time constant of the delayed pathway is greater than that of the direct pathway, there is a greater tolerance to positive than to negative mistuning, which can lead to a perceptual“stretch” of the octave. The model is applicable to both harmonic and – with qualification – melodic oc- taves. The paper describes the model and reviews the evidence from auditory psychophysics and physiology in favor – or against – it.

scholarly journals Connections of the auditory brainstem in a Songbird,Taeniopygia guttata.I. Projections of nucleus angularis and nucleus laminaris to the auditory torus

2010 ◽  
Vol 518 (11) ◽  
pp. 2109-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils O.E. Krützfeldt ◽  
Priscilla Logerot ◽  
M. Fabiana Kubke ◽  
J. Martin Wild
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Nucleus Laminaris ◽  
Nucleus Angularis

scholarly journals Dipolar extracellular potentials generated by axonal projections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas McColgan ◽  
Ji Liu ◽  
Paula T Kuokkanen ◽  
Catherine E Carr ◽  
Hermann Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Multielectrode Array ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Nucleus Laminaris ◽  
Axonal Projections ◽  
Terminal Zone ◽  
Source Of Information

AbstractExtracellular field potentials (EFPs) are an important source of information in neuroscience, but their physiological basis is in many cases still a matter of debate. Axonal sources are typically discounted in modeling and data analysis because their contributions are assumed to be negligible. Here, we show experimentally and theoretically that contributions of axons to EFPs can be significant. Modeling action potentials propagating along axons, we showed that EFPs were prominent in the presence of a terminal zone where axons branch and terminate in close succession, as found in many brain regions. Our models predicted a dipolar far field and a polarity reversal at the center of the terminal zone. We confirmed these predictions using EFPs from the barn owl auditory brainstem where we recorded in nucleus laminaris using a multielectrode array. These results demonstrate that axonal terminal zones produce EFPs with considerable amplitude and spatial reach.

scholarly journals Auditory Brainstem Response Wave III is Correlated with Extracellular Field Potentials from Nucleus Laminaris of the Barn Owl

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-877
Author(s):  
Paula T. Kuokkanen ◽  
Anna Kraemer ◽  
Richard Kempter ◽  
Christine Köppl ◽  
Catherine E. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem Response ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Nucleus Laminaris ◽  
Brainstem Response

scholarly journals Dipolar extracellular potentials generated by axonal projections

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas McColgan ◽  
Ji Liu ◽  
Paula Tuulia Kuokkanen ◽  
Catherine Emily Carr ◽  
Hermann Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Multielectrode Array ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Nucleus Laminaris ◽  
Axonal Projections ◽  
Terminal Zone ◽  
Source Of Information

Extracellular field potentials (EFPs) are an important source of information in neuroscience, but their physiological basis is in many cases still a matter of debate. Axonal sources are typically discounted in modeling and data analysis because their contributions are assumed to be negligible. Here, we established experimentally and theoretically that contributions of axons to EFPs can be significant. Modeling action potentials propagating along axons, we showed that EFPs were prominent in the presence of terminal zones where axons branch and terminate in close succession, as found in many brain regions. Our models predicted a dipolar far field and a polarity reversal at the center of the terminal zone. We confirmed these predictions using EFPs from the barn owl auditory brainstem where we recorded in nucleus laminaris using a multielectrode array. These results demonstrate that axonal terminal zones can produce EFPs with considerable amplitude and spatial reach.

Hit and False-Alarm Rates of Selected ABR Indices in Differentiating Cochlear Disorders From Acoustic Tumors

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Musiek ◽  
Cynthia A. McCormick ◽  
Raymond M. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Latency Difference ◽  
Cochlear Pathology ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Absolute Latency ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Low Sensitivity

We performed a retrospective study of 26 patients with acoustic tumors and 26 patients with otologically diagnosed cochlear pathology to determine the sensitivity (hit rate), specificity (false-alarm rate), and efficiency of six auditory brainstem response indices. In addition, a utility value was determined for each of these six indices. The I–V interwave interval, the interaural latency difference, and the absolute latency of wave V provided the highest hit rates, the best A’ values and good utility. The V/I amplitude ratio index provided high specificity but low sensitivity scores. In regard to sensitivity and specificity, using the combination of two indices provided little overall improvement over the best one-index measures.

The Effect of Kalman-Weighted Averaging and Artifact Rejection on Residual Noise During Auditory Brainstem Response Testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Linda W. Norrix ◽  
Julie Thein ◽  
David Velenovsky
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Residual Noise ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Artifact Rejection ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Active Motor ◽  
Averaging Time

Purpose Low residual noise (RN) levels are critically important when obtaining electrophysiological recordings of threshold auditory brainstem responses. In this study, we examine the effectiveness and efficiency of Kalman-weighted averaging (KWA) implemented on the Vivosonic Integrity System and artifact rejection (AR) implemented on the Intelligent Hearing Systems SmartEP system for obtaining low RN levels. Method Sixteen adults participated. Electrophysiological measures were obtained using simultaneous recordings by the Vivosonic and Intelligent Hearing Systems for subjects in 2 relaxed conditions and 4 active motor conditions. Three averaging times were used for the relaxed states (1, 1.5, and 3 min) and for the active states (1.5, 3, and 6 min). Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to examine RN levels as a function of noise reduction strategy (i.e., KWA, AR) and averaging time. Results Lower RN levels were obtained using KWA than AR in both the relaxed and active motor states. Thus, KWA was more effective than was AR under the conditions examined in this study. Using KWA, approximately 3 min of averaging was needed in the relaxed condition to obtain an average RN level of 0.025 μV. In contrast, in the active motor conditions, approximately 6 min of averaging was required using KWA. Mean RN levels of 0.025 μV were not attained using AR. Conclusions When patients are not physiologically quiet, low RN levels are more likely to be obtained and more efficiently obtained using KWA than AR. However, even when using KWA, in active motor states, 6 min of averaging or more may be required to obtain threshold responses. Averaging time needed and whether a low RN level can be attained will depend on the level of motor activity exhibited by the patient.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document