Cholinergic inputs to laryngeal motoneurons functionally identified in vivo in rat: A combined electrophysiological and microscopic study

2010 ◽  
Vol 518 (24) ◽  
pp. 4903-4916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara G. Bautista ◽  
Qi-Jian Sun ◽  
Wen-Jing Zhao ◽  
Paul M. Pilowsky
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Laryngeal Motoneurons

Corneal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Study With Histopathologic Correlation

2011 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaer S. Alomar ◽  
Mario Nubile ◽  
James Lowe ◽  
Harminder S. Dua
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Confocal Microscopic Study

scholarly journals Corneal Epithelial Immune Dendritic Cell Alterations in Subtypes of Dry Eye Disease: A Pilot In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 7179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kheirkhah ◽  
Raheleh Rahimi Darabad ◽  
Andrea Cruzat ◽  
Amir Reza Hajrasouliha ◽  
Deborah Witkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Cell Alterations ◽  
Confocal Microscopic Study

scholarly journals Androgen-Induced Vocal Transformation in Adult Female African Clawed Frogs

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Potter ◽  
Tina Bose ◽  
Ayako Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Systems ◽  
Behavioral Modification ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
Soma Size ◽  
Behavioral Transformations ◽  
Clawed Frog ◽  
Muscle Contractile ◽  
Laryngeal Motoneurons

Sex-specific behaviors of some vertebrates are reversible by androgen administered in adulthood. Such behavioral transformations in adulthood provide opportunities to identify how neural systems reconfigure to produce sex-specific behavior. In this study, we focused on the vocalizations of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Male and female adult Xenopus produce sexually distinct vocalizations; males produce series of rapid clicks, whereas females produce slow trains of clicks. The differences in click rate can be reduced to differences in the firing rate of laryngeal motoneurons in vivo. This behavioral dimorphism is accompanied by various sex-specific characteristics throughout the vocal pathways, including functionally distinct laryngeal muscles and motoneurons in the sexes. In this study, we first determined whether and how testosterone (T) modifies the vocalizations of adult females and then examined changes underlying the behavioral modification at the laryngeal muscle and motoneuron levels. Our results show that, in response to T, the vocalizations of females were transformed within 13 wk. Vocal transformation was preceded by complete masculinization of muscle contractile properties and motoneuron soma size by the fourth week of T treatment, which suggests that the vocal pathways' peripheral components masculinize earlier than the behavior. Therefore the rate of transformation of vocal behavior must reflect a functional transformation of neurons in the central vocal pathways, which leads to the generation of male-like motor rhythms.

scholarly journals A Case of Bilateral Descemet's Membrane and Subepithelial Opacity: In vivo Laser Confocal Microscopic Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Yukiko Hatta ◽  
Hideaki Yokogawa ◽  
Akira Kobayashi ◽  
Makoto Torisaki ◽  
Kazuhisa Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Descemet's Membrane ◽  
Descemet’S Membrane ◽  
Confocal Microscopic Study
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