scholarly journals Connections of the auditory brainstem in a songbird,Taeniopygia guttata. III. Projections of the superior olive and lateral lemniscal nuclei

2010 ◽  
Vol 518 (11) ◽  
pp. 2149-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martin Wild ◽  
Nils O.E. Krützfeldt ◽  
M. Fabiana Kubke
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Superior Olive

scholarly journals Physiological and anatomical investigation of the auditory brainstem in the Fat-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Garrett ◽  
Virginia Lannigan ◽  
Nathanael Yates ◽  
Jennifer Rodger ◽  
Wilhelmina Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Medial Superior Olive ◽  
Superior Olive ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
Nissl Stain

The fat-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a small (10-20g) native marsupial endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Currently little is known about the auditory capabilities of the dunnart, and of marsupials in general. Consequently, this study sought to investigate several electrophysiological and anatomical properties of the dunnart auditory system. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded to brief (5ms) tone pips at a range of frequencies (4-47.5 kHz) and intensities to determine auditory brainstem thresholds. The dunnart ABR displayed multiple distinct peaks at all test frequencies, similar to other mammalian species. ABR showed the dunnart is most sensitive to higher frequencies increasing up to 47.5 kHz. Morphological observations (Nissl stain) revealed that the auditory structures thought to contribute to the first peaks of the ABR were all distinguishable in the dunnart. Structures identified include the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, including a cochlear nerve root nucleus as well as several distinct nuclei in the superior olivary complex, such as the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral superior olive and medial superior olive. This study is the first to show functional and anatomical aspects of the lower part of the auditory system in the Fat-tailed Dunnart.

scholarly journals Auditory brainstem models: adapting cochlear nuclei improve spatial encoding by the medial superior olive in reverberation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Brughera ◽  
Jason Mikiel-Hunter ◽  
Mathias Dietz ◽  
David McAlpine
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Interaural Time Difference ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Coincidence Detection ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Medial Superior Olive ◽  
Sound Energy ◽  
Superior Olive ◽  
Cochlear Nuclei

AbstractListeners perceive sound-energy as originating from the direction of its source, even as direct sound is followed milliseconds later by reflected sound from multiple different directions. Early-arriving sound is emphasised in the ascending auditory pathway, including the medial superior olive (MSO) where binaural neurons encode the interaural time difference (ITD) cue for spatial location. Behaviourally, weighting of ITD conveyed during rising sound-energy is stronger at 600 Hz, a frequency with higher reverberant energy, than at 200 Hz where reverberant energy is lower. Here we computationally explore the combined effectiveness of adaptation before ITD-encoding, and excitatory binaural coincidence detection within MSO neurons, in emphasising ITD conveyed in early-arriving sound. With excitatory inputs from adapting model spherical bushy cells (SBCs) of the bilateral cochlear nuclei, a Hodgkin-Huxley-type model MSO neuron reproduces the frequency-dependent emphasis of rising vs. peak sound-energy in ITD-encoding. Maintaining the adaptation in model SBCs, and adjusting membrane speed in model MSO neurons, hemispheric populations of model SBCs and MSO neurons, with simplified membranes for computational efficiency, also reproduce the stronger weighting of ITD information conveyed during rising sound-energy at 600 Hz compared to 200 Hz. This hemispheric model further demonstrates a link between strong weighting of spatial information during rising sound-energy, and correct unambiguous lateralisation of reverberant speech.

scholarly journals Physiological and anatomical investigation of the auditory brainstem in the Fat-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Garrett ◽  
Virginia Lannigan ◽  
Nathanael Yates ◽  
Jennifer Rodger ◽  
Wilhelmina Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Medial Superior Olive ◽  
Superior Olive ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
Nissl Stain

The fat-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a small (10-20g) native marsupial endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Currently little is known about the auditory capabilities of the dunnart, and of marsupials in general. Consequently, this study sought to investigate several electrophysiological and anatomical properties of the dunnart auditory system. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded to brief (5ms) tone pips at a range of frequencies (4-47.5 kHz) and intensities to determine auditory brainstem thresholds. The dunnart ABR displayed multiple distinct peaks at all test frequencies, similar to other mammalian species. ABR showed the dunnart is most sensitive to higher frequencies increasing up to 47.5 kHz. Morphological observations (Nissl stain) revealed that the auditory structures thought to contribute to the first peaks of the ABR were all distinguishable in the dunnart. Structures identified include the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, including a cochlear nerve root nucleus as well as several distinct nuclei in the superior olivary complex, such as the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral superior olive and medial superior olive. This study is the first to show functional and anatomical aspects of the lower part of the auditory system in the Fat-tailed Dunnart.

scholarly journals Ketamine-xylazine anesthesia depth affects auditory neuronal responses in the lateral superior olive complex of the gerbil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhizi Jing ◽  
Michael Pecka ◽  
Benedikt Grothe
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Response Threshold ◽  
Spontaneous Discharge ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Superior Olive ◽  
Auditory Evoked Response ◽  
Anesthesia Depth

Studies of in vivo neuronal responses to auditory inputs in the superior olive complex (SOC) are usually done under anesthesia. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of anesthesia itself on response properties. Here, we assessed the effect of anesthesia depth under ketamine-xylazine anesthetics on auditory evoked response properties of lateral SOC neurons. Anesthesia depth was tracked by monitoring EEG spectral peak frequencies. An increase in anesthesia depth led to a decrease in spontaneous discharge activities and an elevated response threshold. The temporal responses to suprathreshold tones were also affected, with adapted responses reduced but peak responses unaffected. Deepening the anesthesia depth also increased first spike latency. However, spike jitter was not affected. Auditory brainstem responses to clicks confirmed that ketamine-xylazine anesthesia depth affects auditory neuronal activities and the effect on spike rate and spike timing persists through the auditory pathway. We concluded from those observations that ketamine-xylazine affects lateral SOC response properties depending on the anesthesia depth.

scholarly journals Physiological and anatomical investigation of the auditory brainstem in the Fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7773
Author(s):  
Andrew Garrett ◽  
Virginia Lannigan ◽  
Nathanael J. Yates ◽  
Jennifer Rodger ◽  
Wilhelmina Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Medial Superior Olive ◽  
Superior Olive ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
Nissl Stain

The fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a small (10–20 g) native marsupial endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Currently little is known about the auditory capabilities of the dunnart, and of marsupials in general. Consequently, this study sought to investigate several electrophysiological and anatomical properties of the dunnart auditory system. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded to brief (5 ms) tone pips at a range of frequencies (4–47.5 kHz) and intensities to determine auditory brainstem thresholds. The dunnart ABR displayed multiple distinct peaks at all test frequencies, similar to other mammalian species. ABR showed the dunnart is most sensitive to higher frequencies increasing up to 47.5 kHz. Morphological observations (Nissl stain) revealed that the auditory structures thought to contribute to the first peaks of the ABR were all distinguishable in the dunnart. Structures identified include the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, including a cochlear nerve root nucleus as well as several distinct nuclei in the superior olivary complex, such as the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral superior olive and medial superior olive. This study is the first to show functional and anatomical aspects of the lower part of the auditory system in the Fat-tailed dunnart.

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