Effects of incisor extraction on jaw and tongue motor representations within face sensorimotor cortex of adult rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 518 (7) ◽  
pp. 1030-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limor Avivi-Arber ◽  
Jye-Chang Lee ◽  
Barry J. Sessle
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Motor Representations

scholarly journals Trunk Sensorimotor Cortex Is Essential for Autonomous Weight-Supported Locomotion in Adult Rats Spinalized as P1/P2 Neonates

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 839-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Giszter ◽  
Michelle R. Davies ◽  
Arun Ramakrishnan ◽  
Ubong Ime Udoekwere ◽  
William J. Kargo
Keyword(s):  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Trunk Control ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Intrinsic Plasticity ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Cortical Representations

Unlike adult spinalized rats, approximately 20% of rats spinalized as postnatal day 1 or 2 (P1/P2) neonates achieve autonomous hindlimb weight support. Cortical representations of mid/low trunk occur only in such rats with high weight support. However, the importance of hindlimb/trunk motor cortex in function of spinalized rats remains unclear. We tested the importance of trunk sensorimotor cortex in their locomotion using lesions guided by cortical microstimulation in P1/P2 weight-supporting neonatal spinalized rats and controls. In four intact control rats, lesions of hindlimb/trunk cortex caused no treadmill deficits. All spinalized rats lesioned in trunk cortex ( n = 16: 4 transplant, 6 transect, 6 transect + fibrin glue) lost an average of about 40% of their weight support. Intact trunk cortex was essential to their level of function. Lesion of trunk cortex substantially increased roll of the hindquarters, which correlated to diminished weight support, but other kinematic stepping parameters showed little change. Embryonic day 14 (E14) transplants support development of the trunk motor representations in their normal location. We tested the role of novel relay circuits arising from the grafts in such cortical representations in E14 transplants using the rats that received (noncellular) fibrin glue grafting at P1/P2 (8 allografts and 32 xenografts). Fibrin-repaired rats with autonomous weight support also had trunk cortical representations similar to those of E14 transplant rats. Thus acellular repair and intrinsic plasticity were sufficient to support the observed features. Our data show that effective cortical mechanisms for trunk control are essential for autonomous weight support in P1/P2 spinalized rats and these can be achieved by intrinsic plasticity.

scholarly journals Pattern of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression after ablation of the sensorimotor cortex of the neonatal and adult rat brain

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-591
Author(s):  
Sanja Dacic ◽  
Sanja Pekovic ◽  
Maja Stojiljkovic ◽  
Irena Lavrnja ◽  
Danijela Stojkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Brain

The central nervous system has a limited capacity for self-repair after damage. However, the neonatal brain has agreater capacity for recovery than the adult brain. These differences in the regenerative capability depend on local environmental factors and the maturational stage of growing axons. Among molecules which have both growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting activities is the heterogeneous class of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). In this paper, we investigated the chondroitin-4 and chondroitin-6 sulfate proteoglycan expression profile after left sensorimotor cortex ablation of the neonatal and adult rat brain. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that compared to the normal uninjured cortex, lesion provoked up regulation of CSPGs showing a different pattern of expression in the neonatal vs. the adult brain. Punctuate and membrane-bound labeling was predominate after neonatal lesion, where as heavy deposition of staining in the extracellular matrix was observed after adult lesion. Heavy deposition of CSPG immunoreactivity around the lesionsite in adult rats, in contrast to a less CSPG-rich environment in neonatal rats, indicated that enhancement of the recovery process after neonatal injury is due to amore permissive environment.

scholarly journals Delayed Treatment with Monoclonal Antibody IN-1 1 Week after Stroke Results in Recovery of Function and Corticorubral Plasticity in Adult Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1366-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B Seymour ◽  
Ellen M Andrews ◽  
Shih-Yen Tsai ◽  
Tiffanie M Markus ◽  
Melanie R Bollnow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Protein ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Reaching Task

Neuronal death due to ischemic stroke results in permanent deficits in sensory, language, and motor functions. The growth-restrictive environment of the adult central nervous system (CNS) is an obstacle to functional recovery after stroke and other CNS injuries. In this regard, Nogo-A is a potent neurite growth-inhibitory protein known to restrict neuronal plasticity in adults. Previously, we have found that treatment with monoclonal antibody (mAb) IN-1 to neutralize Nogo-A immediately after stroke enhanced motor cortico-efferent plasticity and recovery of skilled forelimb function in rats. However, immediate treatment for stroke is often not clinically feasible. Thus, the present study was undertaken to determine whether cortico-efferent plasticity and functional recovery would occur if treatment with mAb IN-1 was delayed 1 week after stroke. Adult rats were trained on a forelimb-reaching task, and the middle cerebral artery was occluded to induce focal cerebral ischemia to the forelimb sensorimotor cortex. After 1 week, animals received mAb IN-1 treatment, control antibody, or no treatment, and were tested for 9 more weeks. To assess cortico-efferent plasticity, the sensorimotor cortex opposite the stroke lesion was injected with an anterograde neuroanatomical tracer. Behavioral analysis demonstrated a recovery of skilled forelimb function, and anatomical studies revealed neuroplasticity at the level of the red nucleus in animals treated with mAb IN-1, thus demonstrating the efficacy of this treatment even if administered 1 week after stroke.

scholarly journals Enhanced Behavioral Recovery from Sensorimotor Cortex Lesions After Pyramidotomy in Adult Rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Fanardjian ◽  
O. V. Gevorkyan ◽  
R. K. Mallina ◽  
A. B. Melik-Moussian ◽  
I. B. Meliksetyan
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Inferior Olive ◽  
Behavioral Recovery ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Spinal Projection ◽  
Descending Influences ◽  
Rubrospinal System ◽  
System Switching

Unilateral transection of the bulbar pyramid, performed before the ablation of the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex, has been shown to facilitate the recovery of operantly conditioned reflexes and compensatory processes in rats. Such enhanced behaviorai recovery was absent when only the sensorimotor cortex was ablated. This phenomenon is explained by the switching of motor activity under the control of the cortico-rubrospinal system. Switching of the descending influences is accomplished through the following loop: cortico-rubrai projectionred nucleus-inferior olive-cerebellum-thalamuscerebral cortex. This suggests that a preliminary lesion of the peripheral part of the system, represented by a descending spinal projection, facilitates the recovery processes to develop during the subsequent destruction of its central part.

A delayed lesion effect following sensorimotor cortex ablation in adult rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gruenthal ◽  
Stanley Finger ◽  
Joel Berenbeim ◽  
Dianna Pollock ◽  
Tessa Hart
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Lesion Effect
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