Neurons associated with the flip-flop activity in the lateral accessory lobe and ventral protocerebrum of the silkworm moth brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 518 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Iwano ◽  
Evan S. Hill ◽  
Akio Mori ◽  
Tatsuya Mishima ◽  
Tsuneko Mishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flip Flop ◽  
Accessory Lobe ◽  
Lateral Accessory Lobe

scholarly journals Neural network model of the lateral accessory lobe and ventral protocerebrum of Bombyx mori to generate the flip-flop activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuko Nishikawa ◽  
Masayoshi Nakaumura ◽  
Yoshiki Igarashi ◽  
Tomoki Kazawa ◽  
Hidetoshi Ikeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Accessory Lobe ◽  
Lateral Accessory Lobe

scholarly journals Descending pathways from the lateral accessory lobe and posterior slope in the brain of the silkmoth Bombyx mori

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Namiki ◽  
Ryohei Kanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Olfactory Behavior ◽  
Descending Pathways ◽  
Posterior Slope ◽  
Descending Neurons ◽  
Accessory Lobe ◽  
Controlling Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Accessory Lobe

AbstractA population of descending neurons connect the brain and thoracic motor cener, playing a critical role in controlling behavior. We examined the anatomical organization of descending neurons (DNs) in the brain of the silkmoth Bombyx mori. Moth pheromone orientation is a good model to investigate the neuronal mechanisms of olfactory behavior. Based on mass staining and single-cell staining, we evaluated the anatomical organization of neurite distribution by DNs in the brain. Dense innervation was observed in the posterior–ventral part of the brain, called the posterior slope (PS). We examined the morphology of DNs innervating the lateral accessory lobe (LAL), which is assumed to be important for moth olfactory behavior. We observed that the LAL DNs also innervate the PS, suggesting the integration of signals from the LAL and PS. We also identified a set of DNs innervating the PS, but not the LAL. These DNs were sensitive to sex pheromones, suggesting a role of the PS in motor control for pheromone orientation. The organization of descending pathways for pheromone orientation is discussed.

scholarly journals Encoding and control of orientation to airflow by a set of Drosophila fan-shaped body neurons

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A Currier ◽  
Andrew MM Matheson ◽  
Katherine I Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Shaped Body ◽  
Orthogonal Bases ◽  
Accessory Lobe ◽  
Orienting Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Proper Orientation ◽  
Lateral Accessory Lobe

The insect central complex (CX) is thought to underlie goal-oriented navigation but its functional organization is not fully understood. We recorded from genetically-identified CX cell types in Drosophila and presented directional visual, olfactory, and airflow cues known to elicit orienting behavior. We found that a group of neurons targeting the ventral fan-shaped body (ventral P-FNs) are robustly tuned for airflow direction. Ventral P-FNs did not generate a ‘map’ of airflow direction. Instead, cells in each hemisphere were tuned to 45° ipsilateral, forming a pair of orthogonal bases. Imaging experiments suggest that ventral P-FNs inherit their airflow tuning from neurons that provide input from the lateral accessory lobe (LAL) to the noduli (NO). Silencing ventral P-FNs prevented flies from selecting appropriate corrective turns following changes in airflow direction. Our results identify a group of CX neurons that robustly encode airflow direction and are required for proper orientation to this stimulus.

Biophysics (and sociology) of ceramides.

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix M. Goñi ◽  
F-Xabier Contreras ◽  
L-Ruth Montes ◽  
Jesús Sot ◽  
Alicia Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Positive Curvature ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Lipid Monolayer ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Bilayer Permeability

In the past decade, the long-neglected ceramides (N-acylsphingosines) have become one of the most attractive lipid molecules in molecular cell biology, because of their involvement in essential structures (stratum corneum) and processes (cell signalling). Most natural ceramides have a long (16-24 C atoms) N-acyl chain, but short N-acyl chain ceramides (two to six C atoms) also exist in Nature, apart from being extensively used in experimentation, because they can be dispersed easily in water. Long-chain ceramides are among the most hydrophobic molecules in Nature, they are totally insoluble in water and they hardly mix with phospholipids in membranes, giving rise to ceramide-enriched domains. In situ enzymic generation, or external addition, of long-chain ceramides in membranes has at least three important effects: (i) the lipid monolayer tendency to adopt a negative curvature, e.g. through a transition to an inverted hexagonal structure, is increased, (ii) bilayer permeability to aqueous solutes is notoriously enhanced, and (iii) transbilayer (flip-flop) lipid motion is promoted. Short-chain ceramides mix much better with phospholipids, promote a positive curvature in lipid monolayers, and their capacities to increase bilayer permeability or transbilayer motion are very low or non-existent.

Moral deontologists are more likely to flip flop

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Robinson ◽  
Jason E. Plaks
Keyword(s):  
Flip Flop

Coexistent thyroid and lung cancers resembling flip flop phenomenon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cavaco ◽  
Joana Simões-Pereira ◽  
Valeriano Leite
Keyword(s):  
Flip Flop ◽  
Lung Cancers
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