Ontogeny of the projections from the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the female rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 495 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva K. Polston ◽  
Richard B. Simerly
Keyword(s):  
Female Rat ◽  
Periventricular Nucleus

Multihormonal Control of Pre-Pro-Somatostatin mRNA Levels in the Periventricular Nucleus of the Male and Female Rat Hypothalamus

1990 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Zorrilla ◽  
Jacques Simard ◽  
Eric Rhéaume ◽  
Fernand Labrie ◽  
Georges Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus ◽  
Periventricular Nucleus

scholarly journals Somatostatin in the Periventricular Nucleus of the Female Rat: Age Specific Effects of Estrogen and Onset of Reproductive Aging

Sex Steroids ◽  
10.5772/27872 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline M. Van der Beek ◽  
Harmke H. Van Vugt ◽  
Annelieke N. ◽  
Bert J.M. Van de Heijning
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Periventricular Nucleus

scholarly journals Neurons and Glial Cells Are Added to the Female Rat Anteroventral Periventricular Nucleus During Puberty

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 2393-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Mohr ◽  
Francisca L. Garcia ◽  
Lydia L. DonCarlos ◽  
Cheryl L. Sisk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Periventricular Nucleus ◽  
Mature Neurons ◽  
Female Specific

The anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) orchestrates the neuroendocrine-positive feedback response that triggers ovulation in female rodents. The AVPV is larger and more cell-dense in females than in males, and during puberty, only females develop the capacity to show a positive feedback response. We previously reported a potential new mechanism to explain this female-specific gain of function during puberty, namely a female-biased sex difference in the pubertal addition of new cells to the rat AVPV. Here we first asked whether this sex difference is due to greater cell proliferation and/or survival in females. Female and male rats received the cell birthdate marker 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU; 200 mg/kg, ip) on postnatal day (P) 30; brains were collected at short and long intervals after BrdU administration to assess cell proliferation and survival, respectively. Overall, females had more BrdU-immunoreactive cells in the AVPV than did males, with no sex differences in the rate of cell attrition over time. Thus, the sex difference in pubertal addition of AVPV cells appears to be due to greater cell proliferation in females. Next, to determine the phenotype of pubertally born AVPV cells, daily BrdU injections were given to female rats on P28–56, and tissue was collected on P77 to assess colocalization of BrdU and markers for mature neurons or glia. Of the pubertally born AVPV cells, approximately 15% differentiated into neurons, approximately 19% into astrocytes, and approximately 23% into microglia. Thus, both neuro- and gliogenesis occur in the pubertal female rat AVPV and potentially contribute to maturation of female reproductive function.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic Molecular Changes Underlying Natural Reproductive Senescence in the Female Rat

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 3597-3609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailey A. Kermath ◽  
Penny D. Riha ◽  
Michael J. Woller ◽  
Andrew Wolfe ◽  
Andrea C. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Reproductive Senescence ◽  
Periventricular Nucleus

Abstract The role of the hypothalamus in female reproductive senescence is unclear. Here we identified novel molecular neuroendocrine changes during the natural progression from regular reproductive cycles to acyclicity in middle-aged female rats, comparable with the perimenopausal progression in women. Expression of 48 neuroendocrine genes was quantified within three hypothalamic regions: the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, the site of steroid positive feedback onto GnRH neurons; the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the site of negative feedback and pulsatile GnRH release; and the median eminence (ME), the site of GnRH secretion. Surprisingly, the majority of changes occurred in the ARC and ME, with few effects in anteroventral periventricular nucleus. The overall pattern was increased mRNA levels with chronological age and decreases with reproductive cycle status in middle-aged rats. Affected genes included transcription factors (Stat5b, Arnt, Ahr), sex steroid hormone receptors (Esr1, Esr2, Pgr, Ar), steroidogenic enzymes (Sts, Hsd17b8), growth factors (Igf1, Tgfa), and neuropeptides (Kiss1, Tac2, Gnrh1). Bionetwork analysis revealed region-specific correlations between genes and hormones. Immunohistochemical analyses of kisspeptin and estrogen receptor-α in the ARC demonstrated age-related decreases in kisspeptin cell numbers as well as kisspeptin-estrogen receptor-α dual-labeled cells. Taken together, these results identify unexpectedly strong roles for the ME and ARC during reproductive decline and highlight fundamental differences between middle-aged rats with regular cycles and all other groups. Our data provide evidence of decreased excitatory stimulation and altered hormone feedback with aging and suggest novel neuroendocrine pathways that warrant future study. Furthermore, these changes may impact other neuroendocrine systems that undergo functional declines with age.

OXYDATION DES ANABOLIKUMS 1-METHYL-ANDROST-1-EN-17β-OL-3-ON MIT WASSERSTOFFTRANSFER AUF ÖSTRON

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Androgen Effects ◽  
Biochemical Difference

ABSTRACT With the aid of metenolon-17α-T a tritium-transfer to oestrone in rat liver slices was demonstrated. This tritium-transfer from metenolon17α-T to oestrone yielding tritium-labelled oestradiol had a higher efficiency in male than in female rat liver. Correspondingly in the presence of metenolon the relation of oestrone to oestradiol is changed more in male than in female rat liver. Looking for biochemical differences between the anabolic steroid metenolon and testosterone the oxydation at C17 was measured in different organs of the rat using 17α-T-labelled steroids. The highest oxydation rate was found for both steroids in the liver. In the sexual organs of male rats the oxydation rate of testosterone was 50–10 times higher than that of the anabolic steroid. This difference was less in sexual organs of female rats. This result of a greater biochemical difference between both steroids in males than in females leads to the question, whether the dissociation between the anabolic and the androgen effects is higher in males than in females.

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