Octopamine-like immunoreactivity in the honey bee and cockroach: Comparable organization in the brain and subesophageal ganglion

2005 ◽  
Vol 488 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Sinakevitch ◽  
Mamiko Niwa ◽  
Nicholas J. Strausfeld
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Subesophageal Ganglion ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The transcriptomic signature of low aggression honey bees resembles a response to infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare C Rittschof ◽  
Benjamin E.R. Rubin ◽  
Joseph H. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature ◽  
Behavioral Maturation ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: Behavior reflects an organism's health status. Many organisms display a generalized suite of behaviors that indicate infection or predict infection susceptibility. We apply this concept to honey bee aggression, a behavior that has been associated with positive health outcomes in previous studies. We sequenced the transcriptomes of the brain, fat body, and midgut of adult sibling worker bees who developed as pre-adults in relatively high versus low aggression colonies. Previous studies showed that this pre-adult experience impacts both aggressive behavior and resilience to pesticides. We performed enrichment analyses on differentially expressed genes to determine whether variation in aggression resembles the molecular response to infection. We further assessed whether the transcriptomic signature of aggression in the brain is similar to the neuromolecular response to acute predator threat, exposure to a high-aggression environment as an adult, or adult behavioral maturation. Results: Across all three tissues assessed, genes that are differentially expressed as a function of aggression significantly overlap with genes whose expression is modulated by a variety of pathogens and parasitic feeding. In the fat body, and to some degree the midgut, our data specifically support the hypothesis that low aggression resembles a diseased or parasitized state. However, we find little evidence of active infection in individuals from the low aggression group. We also find little evidence that the brain molecular signature of aggression is enriched for genes modulated by social cues that induce aggression in adults. However, we do find evidence that genes associated with adult behavioral maturation are enriched in our brain samples. Conclusions: Results support the hypothesis that low aggression resembles a molecular state of infection. This pattern is most robust in the peripheral fat body, an immune responsive tissue in the honey bee. We find no evidence of acute infection in bees from the low aggression group, suggesting the physiological state characterizing low aggression may instead predispose bees to negative health outcomes when they are exposed to additional stressors. The similarity of molecular signatures associated with the seemingly disparate traits of aggression and disease suggests that these characteristics may, in fact, be intimately tied.

scholarly journals Insecticides cause transcriptional alterations of endocrine related genes in the brain of honey bee foragers

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 127542
Author(s):  
Karl Fent ◽  
Tiffany Haltiner ◽  
Petra Kunz ◽  
Verena Christen
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Honey Bee Foragers ◽  
The Brain

NEUROHORMONAL INDUCTION OF PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS BY HELIOTHIS ZEA (BODDIE) DURING THE PHOTOPHASE

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E.A. Teal ◽  
J.H. Tumlinson
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Subesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ratio Of Components

AbstractFemales of Heliothis zea (Boddie) were stimulated to produce pheromone by injection of brain – subesophageal ganglion homogenates. Females injected with this homogenate during the photophase produced the same amount of pheromone and same ratio of components as neck-ligated females injected during the peak of pheromone production. Decapitated females and isolated abdomens also produced pheromone when injected with the brain – subesophageal ganglion homogenate during the photophase. These data show that the neurohormone which stimulates pheromone production is not degraded by enzymes during the photophase and that pheromone is not metabolized at a greater rate during periods when the insect is not producing pheromones.

scholarly journals Age-Dependent Honey Bee Appetite Regulation Is Mediated by Trehalose and Octopamine Baseline Levels

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
İrem Akülkü ◽  
Saleh Ghanem ◽  
Elif Filiztekin ◽  
Guntima Suwannapong ◽  
Christopher Mayack
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Appetite Regulation ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Energetic State ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

There are multiple feedback mechanisms involved in appetite regulation, which is an integral part of maintaining energetic homeostasis. Older forager honey bees, in comparison to newly emerged bees and nurse bees, are known to have highly fluctuating hemolymph trehalose levels, higher appetite changes due to starvation, and higher octopamine levels in the brain. What remains unknown is if the hemolymph trehalose and octopamine levels interact with one another and how this varies as the bee ages. We manipulated trehalose and octopamine levels across age using physiological injections and found that nurse and forager bees increase their appetite levels due to increased octopamine levels in the brain. This is further enhanced by lower trehalose levels in the hemolymph. Moreover, nurse bees with high octopamine levels in the brain and low trehalose levels had the same appetite levels as untreated forager bees. Our findings suggest that the naturally higher levels of octopamine as the bee ages may result in higher sensitivity to fluctuating trehalose levels in the hemolymph that results in a more direct way of assessing the energetic state of the individual. Consequently, forager bees have a mechanism for more precise regulation of appetite in comparison to newly emerged and nurse bees.

scholarly journals The transcriptomic signature of low aggression honey bees resembles a response to infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare C Rittschof ◽  
Benjamin E.R. Rubin ◽  
Joseph H. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature ◽  
Behavioral Maturation ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: Behavior reflects an organism's health status. Many organisms display a generalized suite of behaviors that indicate infection or predict infection susceptibility. We apply this concept to honey bee aggression, a behavior that has been associated with positive health outcomes in previous studies. We sequenced the transcriptomes of the brain, fat body, and midgut of adult sibling worker bees who developed as pre-adults in relatively high versus low aggression colonies. Previous studies showed that this pre-adult experience impacts both aggressive behavior and resilience to pesticides. We performed enrichment analyses on differentially expressed genes to determine whether variation in aggression resembles the molecular response to infection. We further assessed whether the transcriptomic signature of aggression in the brain is similar to the neuromolecular response to acute predator threat, exposure to a high-aggression environment as an adult, or adult behavioral maturation. Results: Across all three tissues assessed, genes that are differentially expressed as a function of aggression significantly overlap with genes whose expression is modulated by a variety of pathogens and parasitic feeding. In the fat body, and to some degree the midgut, our data specifically support the hypothesis that low aggression resembles a diseased or parasitized state. However, we find little evidence of active infection in individuals from the low aggression group. We also find little evidence that the brain molecular signature of aggression is enriched for genes modulated by social cues that induce aggression in adults. However, we do find evidence that genes associated with adult behavioral maturation are enriched in our brain samples. Conclusions: Results support the hypothesis that low aggression resembles a molecular state of infection. This pattern is most robust in the peripheral fat body, an immune responsive tissue in the honey bee. We find no evidence of acute infection in bees from the low aggression group, suggesting the physiological state characterizing low aggression may instead predispose bees to negative health outcomes when they are exposed to additional stressors. The similarity of molecular signatures associated with the seemingly disparate traits of aggression and disease suggests that these characteristics may, in fact, be intimately tied.

scholarly journals Genetics in the Honey Bee: Achievements and Prospects toward the Functional Analysis of Molecular and Neural Mechanisms Underlying Social Behaviors

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Kohno ◽  
Takeo Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Mushroom Bodies ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
The Brain

The European honey bee is a model organism for studying social behaviors. Comprehensive analyses focusing on the differential expression profiles of genes between the brains of nurse bees and foragers, or in the mushroom bodies—the brain structure related to learning and memory, and multimodal sensory integration—has identified candidate genes related to honey bee behaviors. Despite accumulating knowledge on the expression profiles of genes related to honey bee behaviors, it remains unclear whether these genes actually regulate social behaviors in the honey bee, in part because of the scarcity of genetic manipulation methods available for application to the honey bee. In this review, we describe the genetic methods applied to studies of the honey bee, ranging from classical forward genetics to recently developed gene modification methods using transposon and CRISPR/Cas9. We then discuss future functional analyses using these genetic methods targeting genes identified by the preceding research. Because no particular genes or neurons unique to social insects have been found yet, further exploration of candidate genes/neurons correlated with sociality through comprehensive analyses of mushroom bodies in the aculeate species can provide intriguing targets for functional analyses, as well as insight into the molecular and neural bases underlying social behaviors.

scholarly journals Activity-Dependent Changes to the Brain and Behavior of the Honey Bee,Apis mellifera(L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 7148-7156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Sigg ◽  
Caryn M. Thompson ◽  
Alison R. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
The Brain
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