?-Melanophore-stimulating hormone in the brain, cranial placode derivatives, and retina ofXenopus laevis during development in relation to background adaptation

2002 ◽  
Vol 456 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca M.R. Kramer ◽  
Ilse E.W.M. Claassen ◽  
Nicole J. Westphal ◽  
Marjolein Jansen ◽  
Rienk Tuinhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Background Adaptation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Melanophore Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

THE EFFECT OF PINEAL METHOXYINDOLES ON RAT VAGINAL OPENING TIME

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. COLLU ◽  
F. FRASCHINI ◽  
L. MARTINI
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY Melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol, the two methoxyindoles of pineal origin, were injected into a lateral ventricle of the brain of immature female rats. Treatment was started on the 25th day of age and terminated when the vagina opened. The injection of both methoxyindoles resulted in a statistically significant delay in vaginal opening. Since previous experiments had shown that melatonin specifically inhibits secretion of luteinizing hormone and that 5-methoxytryptophol specifically blocks release of follicle-stimulating hormone, the present results support the hypothesis that the onset of sexual maturation needs a balanced secretion of both gonadotrophins.

scholarly journals Immunoblotting technique to study release of melanophore-stimulating hormone from individual melanotrope cells of the intermediate lobe ofXenopus laevis

Cytometry ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. C. T. de Rijk ◽  
M. Terlou ◽  
P. M. J. M. Cruijsen ◽  
B. G. Jenks ◽  
E. W. Roubos
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Lobe ◽  
Immunoblotting Technique ◽  
Melanophore Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Adrenocorticotropin and Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in the Brain*

Endocrinology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1845-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC ORWOLL ◽  
JOHN W. KENDALL ◽  
LINDA LAMORENA ◽  
REBECCA McGILVRA
Keyword(s):  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

scholarly journals Molecular economy of nature with two thyrotropins from different parts of the pituitary: pars tuberalis thyroid-stimulating hormone and pars distalis thyroid-stimulating hormone

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Sibel Ertek
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Subunit Expression ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Thyrotropin (TSH) is classically known to be regulated by negative feedback from thyroid hormones and stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus. At the end of the 1990s, studies showed that thyrotroph cells from the pars tuberalis (PT) did not have TRH receptors and their TSH regulation was independent from TRH stimulation. Instead, PT-thyrotroph cells were shown to have melatonin-1 (MT-1) receptors and melatonin secretion from the pineal gland stimulates TSH- subunit formation in PT. Electron microscopy examinations also revealed some important differences between PT and pars distalis (PD) thyrotrophs. PT-TSH also have low bioactivity in the peripheral circulation. Studies showed that they have different glycosylations and PT-TSH forms macro-TSH complexes in the periphery and has a longer half-life. Photoperiodism affects LH levels in animals via decreased melatonin causing increased TSH- subunit expression and induction of deiodinase-2 (DIO-2) in the brain. Mammals need a light stimulus carried into the suprachiasmatic nucleus (which is a circadian clock) and then transferred to the pineal gland to synthesize melatonin, but birds have deep brain receptors and they are stimulated directly by light stimuli to have increased PT-TSH, without the need for melatonin. Photoperiodic regulations via TSH and DIO 2/3 also have a role in appetite, seasonal immune regulation, food intake and nest-making behaviour in animals. Since humans have no clear seasonal breeding period, such studies as recent ‘’domestication locus’’ studies in poultry are interesting. PT-TSH that works like a neurotransmitter in the brain may become an important target for future studies about humans.

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