Central projections of the utricular nerve in the gerbil

2002 ◽  
Vol 452 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Newlands ◽  
Ian M. Purcell ◽  
Golda Anne Kevetter ◽  
Adrian A. Perachio
Keyword(s):  
Central Projections ◽  
Utricular Nerve

The Role of the cut Gene in the Specification of Central Projections by Sensory Axons in Drosophila

Neuron ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Merritt ◽  
Andrew Hawken ◽  
Paul M. Whitington
Keyword(s):  
Central Projections ◽  
Sensory Axons

Versal topological stratification and the bifurcation geometry of map-germs of the plane

1990 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Classical Result ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Central Projections ◽  
Apparent Contour ◽  
Smooth Map

The set of critical values of a map of the plane (of corank 1) can be regarded as the apparent contour of a smooth surface. It is a classical result of Whitney[13] that generically the apparent contour is a smooth fold curve with isolated cusps and transverse fold crossings. More recent classifications of smooth map-germs of the plane of low codimension (occurring in generic 2- or 3-parameter families), e.g. in [1, 5, 7], were motivated by a question in differential geometry: given any smooth surface which is generically embedded in ℝ3, produce a list of all possible (orthogonal or central) projections of such a surface.

Utriculoocular reflex arc of the cat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1896-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Uchino ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
H. Sato ◽  
M. Imagawa ◽  
H. Suwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Tilt ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Intracellular Recordings ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Extraocular Motoneurons ◽  
Eye Rotation ◽  
Reflex Arc ◽  
Supramaximal Stimulation ◽  
Utricular Nerve ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Intracellular recordings of synaptic potentials in extraocular motoneurons were studied to determine the connectivities between the utricular nerve and the extraocular motoneurons in cats. 2. Stimulating electrodes were placed within the left utricular nerve, while other branches of the vestibular nerve were removed. Subsequently, the N1 field potentials evoked by utricular nerve stimulation were recorded in the vestibular nuclei. The potential typically grew until reaching a plateau (submaximal stimulation). Stimulus spread to the other nerve branches appeared as an additional increase in N1 amplitude after the plateau discontinued (supramaximal stimulation). 3. Intracellular recordings were made from 200 identified motoneurons in the bilateral III, IV, and VI cranial nuclei. 4. Stimulation of the utricular nerve at submaximal intensity evoked a longer latency depolarizing and hyperpolarizing potentials in contra- and ipsilateral medial rectus motoneurons, respectively. Complex potentials with longer latencies also were recorded in ipsilateral inferior oblique and contralateral trochlear motoneurons after stimulation of the utricular nerve at a submaximal intensity. Monosynaptic and disynaptic connections between the utricular nerve and ipsilateral abducens motoneurons and interneurons were recorded as described previously. 5. The results of the present study confirm our initial findings that a disynaptic pathway from the utricular nerve to contralateral trochlear motoneurons is absent or very poorly developed, whereas polysynaptic circuits from the utricular nerve to inferior oblique and trochlear motoneurons may play a role in eye rotation during head tilt.

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