Preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules: An integrated multidisciplinary approach

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Eloy ◽  
Gilles Russ ◽  
Voichita Suciu ◽  
Sarah J. Johnson ◽  
Esther Diana Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Thyroid Nodules

scholarly journals Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules in children

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Niedziela
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Duct Cyst ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Molecular Studies

According to the literature thyroid nodules are quite rare in the first two decades of life. However, there are some exceptions, relating to areas with an iodine deficiency or affected by radioactive fallout, where the risk of nodules and carcinomas is increased. Therefore, it is a great challenge for the physician to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions preoperatively, and not only in these areas of greater risk. A careful work-up, comprising the patient’s history, clinical examination, laboratory tests, thyroid ultrasound, scintigraphy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and molecular studies, is mandatory to improve the preoperative diagnosis. The differential diagnosis should also include benign thyroid conditions such as: (i) congenital hypothyroidism due to dyshormonogenesis or ectopy, (ii) thyroid hemiagenesis, (iii) thyroglossal duct cyst, (iv) simple goiter, (v) cystic lesion, (vi) nodular hyperplasia, (vii) follicular adenoma, (viii) Graves’ disease and (ix) Hashimoto thyroiditis, all of which can predispose to the development of thyroid nodules. The majority of thyroid carcinomas derive from the follicular cell (papillary, follicular, insular and undifferentiated (or anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma), whereas medullary thyroid carcinoma derives from calcitonin-producing cells. Inherited forms of thyroid cancer may occur, especially in relation to medullary thyroid carcinoma. FNAB is a critical factor in establishing the preoperative diagnosis. However, we should keep in mind the fact that a conventional cytological evaluation can miss the neoplastic nature of a lesion and the employment of immunocytochemical and molecular studies of aspirates from FNAB can give us a more precise diagnosis of neoplasia in thyroid nodules once they are detected.

scholarly journals Prospective efficacy of molecular preoperative diagnostics of papillary thyroid carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. MANKOVSKAYA ◽  
Yuri E. DEMIDCHIK ◽  
Shunichi YAMASHITA
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Molecular Test ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Fine Needle

Background. The diagnostic efficacy of the molecular analysis that included determination of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) marker gene expression levels and BRAF mutation in fine-needle aspiration biopsy material was evaluated in a prospective study of patients with thyroid nodules. Materials and methods. Totally, 36 patients (29 females and 7 males) with thyroid nodules were included in the study. The mRNA expression of genes (SFTPB and TFF3) was estimated in relation to a housekeeping gene level (KPNA4) by means of duplex RT-PCR followed by the band intensity measurement. Detection of BRAF mutation was performed by PCR followed by direct sequencing. Results. In 25/32 (78.1%) cases, results of the molecular test were in agreement with the cytological diagnosis (7/7 PTC and 18/25 non-PTC) further confirmed by histological examination of tissues surgically removed from all seven PTC patients and 10 individuals with benign nodules. In 7/32 patients (21.9%) there was a discrepancy between cytological findings and molecular results, which revealed a benign nodule and a PTC-like pattern, respectively. Upon a repeated examination of five of these patients about one year later, three were cytologically diagnosed with PTC (all patients had been operated on), and the diagnosis of the other two patients remained unchanged. Conclusions. The results have demonstrated that the molecular analysis of FNAB material is an informative means of the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules as it allows identification of patients with suspected PTC before other diagnostically significant changes take place. Keywords: papillary thyroid carcinoma, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, preoperative diagnosis, molecular test

Efficacy of multidisciplinary approach in thyroid nodules: analysis of factors used for predicting malignancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisioglu Savas Volkan ◽  
Huseyin Atacan ◽  
Emel Cakir ◽  
Sukru Oguz ◽  
Serdar Karakullukcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Thyroid Nodules

scholarly journals Performance of a Genomic Sequencing Classifier for the Preoperative Diagnosis of Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules

JAMA Surgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 153 (9) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kepal N. Patel ◽  
Trevor E. Angell ◽  
Joshua Babiarz ◽  
Neil M. Barth ◽  
Thomas Blevins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Genomic Sequencing
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