scholarly journals Effusion fluid cytology and COVID‐19 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Xia ◽  
Lawrence Hsu Lin ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Andre L. Moreira ◽  
Aylin Simsir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effusion Fluid ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Significance of intercellular spaces (windows) in effusion fluid cytology: A study of 46 samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paari Murugan ◽  
Neelaiah Siddaraju ◽  
Syed Habeebullah ◽  
Debdatta Basu
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Effusion Fluid ◽  
Fluid Cytology

scholarly journals Approach to Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Effusions

CytoJournal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Vinod B. Shidham ◽  
Lester J. Layfield
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effusion Fluid ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Collection of most serous fluids from various effusions is a relatively simple procedure. Because of this, serous fluids are commonly submitted for pathologic examination including cytopathologic evaluation by various clinical institutions. As a consequence, even a general pathology laboratory which may not have expertise with highly trained cytopathologist would be confronted with serous fluids for cytologic evaluation. However, cytopathologic evaluation of serous fluids is complex as compared to evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology. This signifies the fact that all pathologists, irrespective of subspeciality cytopathology training and level of subspeciality expertise, should be conversant with the diagnostic challenges and pitfalls of effusion fluid cytology. Although, majority of effusions are due to reactive and non-neoplastic etiologies, cancer is one of the causes of an effusion as a manifestation of advanced cancer. Detecting neoplastic cells in effusion specimens in most of clinical settings is related to the advanced status of the disease, which usually is equivalent to incurable stage. Thus, interpretation of cytopathology as positive for cancer cell is highly critical in planning the trajectory of the clinical management with an obvious negative impact of false positive interpretation. Apart from cancer, effusions may be secondary to hemodynamic pathologies such as heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, cirrhosis etc. in addition to the different inflammatory conditions including parasitic infestations, bacterial, fungal, or viral infections, and other non-neoplastic etiologies including collagen diseases. Due to the cytomorphologic overlap of reactive mesothelial cells with malignant cells, general cytologic criteria for diagnosis of malignancy in single cells cannot be applied in most of the effusion specimens. This challenge is further amplified because of surface tension related phenomenon which ‘round up’ the cells after exfoliation in serous fluids. As a result, the native shapes of cancer cells cannot be a guiding feature. Thus the cytomorphologic features of cancer cells in serous fluids may not be same as seen in routine cytopathology of exfoliative, brushing, and fine-needle aspiration specimens. The cancer cells may continue to proliferate after exfoliation in the nutrient rich effusion fluids and may form proliferation spheres. It is crucial to consider these factors when interpreting effusion cytology. Amongst malignant effusions, adenocarcinomas are the most common cause of metastatic cancers, but almost any type of malignancy including melanomas, hematopoietic neoplasms, sarcomas, and mesotheliomas may involve serous cavities. The interpreter must be aware of the wide range of the cytomorphologic appearances of reactive mesothelial cells in effusion fluids. It is essential to understand these and other nuances related to effusion fluid cytology. Understanding potential pitfalls during various stages from processing to application of ancillary studies would increase the diagnostic accuracy and minimize atypical interpretations and false positivity.

scholarly journals Effusion Fluid Cytology and COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. S15-S16
Author(s):  
Rong Xia ◽  
Lawrence Lin ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Andre Moreira ◽  
Aylin Simsir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effusion Fluid ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Effusion fluid cytology of lymphomas - the Hong Kong experience

Pathology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
S.L. Loke ◽  
M. Wong ◽  
C. Hsu ◽  
F. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Effusion Fluid ◽  
Fluid Cytology

scholarly journals Diagnostic pitfalls in effusion fluid cytology

CytoJournal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Vinod B Shidham
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
False Positives ◽  
List Type ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Specimen Processing ◽  
Final Interpretation ◽  
Effusion Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Pitfalls ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Effusion fluid cytology has propensity for both false positives (in up to 0.5%) and false negatives (in up to 30%) results. Methodical approach from collection step to final interpretation stage could prevent both false positives and false negatives, if the interpreter is familiar with various factors responsible for diagnostic pitfalls in effusion fluid cytology. For this discussion, these factors are categorized as mentioned below: Surface tension-related alterations in cytomorphology Improper specimen processing Many faces of reactive mesothelial cells, overlapping with those of cancer cells Proliferation-related features Degenerative changes, such as nuclear hyperchromasia and cytoplasmic vacuolation Unexpected patterns and unusual entities.

Analysis of Indeterminate Diagnoses for Pericardial Fluid Cytology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. S9
Author(s):  
Yubo Wu ◽  
Paul VanderLaan ◽  
Liza Quintana ◽  
Athena Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Fluid Cytology
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