How can we create resilient research systems in a pandemic?

Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Wolfson ◽  
Candice C. Dye ◽  
Jennifer M Levine
Keyword(s):  
Research Systems

scholarly journals The Koala Immune Response to Chlamydial Infection and Vaccine Development—Advancing Our Immunological Understanding

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Bonnie L Quigley ◽  
Peter Timms
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Nucleic Acid Assay ◽  
Immunological Research

Chlamydia is a significant pathogen for many species, including the much-loved Australian marsupial, the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). To combat this situation, focused research has gone into the development and refinement of a chlamydial vaccine for koalas. The foundation of this process has involved characterising the immune response of koalas to both natural chlamydial infection as well as vaccination. From parallels in human and mouse research, it is well-established that an effective anti-chlamydial response will involve a balance of cell-mediated Th1 responses involving interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), humoral Th2 responses involving systemic IgG and mucosal IgA, and inflammatory Th17 responses involving interleukin 17 (IL-17) and neutrophils. Characterisation of koalas with chlamydial disease has shown increased expression within all three of these major immunological pathways and monitoring of koalas’ post-vaccination has detected further enhancements to these key pathways. These findings offer optimism that a chlamydial vaccine for wider distribution to koalas is not far off. Recent advances in marsupial genetic knowledge and general nucleic acid assay technology have moved koala immunological research a step closer to other mammalian research systems. However, koala-specific reagents to directly assay cytokine levels and cell-surface markers are still needed to progress our understanding of koala immunology.

New Types of Cooperative Research in Japan

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Manabu Eto
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Research System ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation

Japan has a long history of systematically organizing and carrying out joint research projects between industrial, government and academic institutions. Even competing industries have cooperated in these research projects, and such cooperation has greatly helped Japan's economic progress. The country's technological progress has equalled in some areas and surpassed in others that of countries in the West, and, with the continued advancement of big business, Japan has arrived at a stage at which it can continue its technological progress on its own. This is causing great changes in the meaning and impact of cooperative research endeavours. In this paper the author discusses the problems and possible solutions involved in developing the current cooperative research systems into efficient systems which meet the needs of this new generation of research. He also outlines the potential influence of these changes on the procedures and policies in the current research system, and on user interaction and the results achieved. The paper also constructs a model of a cooperative research system which can meet the country's current requirements.

scholarly journals Statistical relationships between corresponding authorship, international co-authorship and citation impact of national research systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix de Moya-Anegon ◽  
Vicente P. Guerrero-Bote ◽  
Carmen Lopez-Illescas ◽  
Henk F. Moed
Keyword(s):  
Citation Impact ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Statistical Relationships

scholarly journals Research Systems in Europe and U.S.A.

1955 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 566-569
Author(s):  
Masanori Sato
Keyword(s):  
Research Systems

scholarly journals The instruments for combating shadow economy in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Eka Ermakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article substantiates the need for the development and application of the additional instruments for combating shadow economy in the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the measures for combating shadow economy, while the subject is the related punitive and preventive instruments. The research methodology employs the general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy); systemic and comprehensive approach; official statistical data, normative legal acts, works of the leading researchers dedicated to the problems of expansion of shadow economy, computer-based legal research systems Garant and ConsultantPlus. The study of the normative legal framework and scientific writings of the leading scholars, as well as the analysis of practical experience of the Russian Federation in combating shadow economy allowed making the following conclusions: the effective system of combating shadow economic processes should be built on all levels of governance: micro, meso and macro; at the same time, each of these levels should be able to apply both punitive and preventive instruments that encourage the actors to engage in legal activity. In recent years, Russia largely implements preventive methods for combating shadow economy. However, the rate of shadow economy in the country remains high (33% of GDP), which thwarts the economic development.

scholarly journals The Interdependence of Research Funding Concentration, Policy Priorities, and Problem Choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Bargmann Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Problem Choice ◽  
Funding Success ◽  
Research Councils ◽  
Funding Distribution ◽  
Topical Diversity

The prioritisation of research funding towards a small elite of researchers and research topics of "strategic" importance are becoming a norm across national research systems. Researchers are increasingly worried that such steering hampers the diversity of scientific approaches and problems addressed. However, the effects of increased steering of who and what receives research funds are not well known. I use evidence from 65,000 research grants awarded by seven research councils in the United Kingdom and fifteen Danish research funders to investigate how strong funding concentration and thematic targeting leads to less topical diversity. Researchers in the very top of the funding distribution primarily investigate topics and disciplines with the most funding success, and research output form targeted funding schemes overlaps with that from investigatorledgrants. Moreover, priorities from private funders line up with the type of researchfunded by public research councils. The findings highlight how steering through funding decisions can multiply

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