scholarly journals BRAF Mutation is associated with early stage disease and improved outcome in patients with low-grade serous ovarian cancer

Cancer ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel N. Grisham ◽  
Gopa Iyer ◽  
Karuna Garg ◽  
Deborah DeLair ◽  
David M. Hyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Braf Mutation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Improved Outcome

The relationship between tumor size and stage in early versus advanced ovarian cancer: A retrospective chart review

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5580-5580
Author(s):  
L. E. Horvath ◽  
T. Werner ◽  
K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Stage Disease

5580 Background: Ovarian cancer has a different prognosis between early (I and II) and advanced stage (III and IV). The mechanism of disease progression is unknown, but patients with advanced disease may have a higher propensity for seeding of the abdominal cavity early in the disease process than those with early stage. Theoretically if this is so, then patients with advanced stage should have smaller sized tumors than patients with early stage. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients in the tumor registry in 2003 to 2006. Patients had epithelial ovarian cancer, other cell types were excluded. Only cases with documentation of surgical and pathologic staging and measured dimensions on pathologic specimen were included. Patient stage and all available dimensions measured on diseased ovaries were recorded. The dimensions for each patient were averaged into a single dimension for that patient, and then these measurements were totaled and averaged. Results: There were 110 patients analyzed: 85 with advanced disease, 25 with early stage. The average measurement was 4.8 cm in advanced disease, and was 10.7 cm in early stage disease. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Overall, patients with early stage ovarian cancer have diseased ovaries that are more than twice as large as those found in advanced disease. This finding supports the fact that early versus advanced ovarian cancer are 2 separate disease processes. Early stage grows locally and does not disseminate, and advanced stage disseminates while the tumor is still relatively small. Theoretically there may be a factor that separates these 2 into different diseases, where advanced disease patients have a substance produced by their tumor that allows for early dissemination, and early stage lacks this substance and only grows locally. Basic science research comparing the tissue microarrays of early versus advanced stage disease may be able to identify this difference. If the difference is found, perhaps therapy can be targeted against this difference. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Screening for ovarian cancer: Evidences

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Binuma Shrestha ◽  
Bijaya Chandra Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Preventive Healthcare ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Risk Result ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Cancer of the ovary is a leading cause of death among women. Early stage disease are not evident for the incumbent nature of disease in the abdominal cavity. When ovarian cancer is detected and treated while it is still confined to the ovary (stage I), the 5-year survival rate is approximately 90%, but 33% when the disease is diagnosed at stage III or IV. So screening had role in down staging the disease and improve survival. Evidence still does not support screening in average risk women but annual gynecologic examination with pelvic examination is recommended for preventive healthcare. Screening in women with increased risk and inherited risk result in a decrease in the number of deaths in women. For women with mutations in BRCA2, ovarian cancer screening should be initiated between ages 35 and 40.

Incidence of Lymph Node Metastases in Apparent Early-Stage Low-Grade Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1407-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Lago ◽  
Lucas Minig ◽  
Christina Fotopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Surgical Staging ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
True Incidence

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the incidence of lymph node (LN) metastases in presumed stage I-II low-grade epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).MethodsEligible studies were identified from MEDLINE and EMBASE (time frame, 2015–1975), that analyzed patients with clinical or radiologic presumed early-stage EOC who underwent a complete pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy as part of their surgical staging. The number and site of dissected and involved LNs and the correlation with overall outcome are analyzed. The termlow gradeand also the older termwell differentiatedwere used.ResultsThirteen of 978 identified studies were selected, and 13 of 75 studies were identified as eligible. A total of 1403 patients were analyzed in these 13 retrospective studies. The final International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging after completed surgical staging was I to II in 912 patients (65%). A total of 338 patients (24%) had grade 1 tumors whereas 473 patients (34%) had grade 2, and 502 patients (36%) had grade 3 tumors. Systematic lymphadenectomy was performed in 1159 patients (83%), whereof 1142 (82%) were pelvic and para-aortic LN dissections.In 185 patients (13%), an upstaging from an apparent clinical stage I-II to IIIC occurred because of LN involvement: 64 (35%) of the patients had only pelvic LNs metastases, 69 (37%) had only para-aortic LNs metastasis, and 51 (28%) had both a pelvic and para-aortic LN involvement. When analyzing only the patients with low-grade (grade 1 as the old classification) presumed early-stage disease (n = 273), only 8 patients (2.9%; range, 0–6.2) were identified with LNs metastases present.ConclusionsThe incidence of occult LN metastases in apparent early-stage low-grade EOC is 2.9% in a metaanalysis of retrospective studies. Future larger-scale prospectively assessed studies with established surgical quality of the LN dissection are warranted to establish the true incidence of LN metastasis in presumed early low-grade disease.

A novel early-stage orthotopic model for ovarian cancer in the Fischer 344 rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Sloan Stakleff ◽  
A. G. Rouse ◽  
A. P. Ryan ◽  
N. A. Haller ◽  
V. E. Von Gruenigen
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cancer Model ◽  
Orthotopic Model ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Stage Disease

The purpose of our study was to ascertain the progression of metastases in a novel ovarian cancer model designed to mimic early-stage disease by utilizing an orthotopic injection technique. Female Fischer 344 rats were injected with either 104 or 105 NuTu-19 cells by intraperitoneal or orthotopic injection. Peritoneal washings and histologic specimens were examined to correlate the incidence and extent of tumor growth. In a second phase, orthotopic injections of 102 and 103 cells were compared to that of 104 cells. Progression of ovarian cancer was observed by gross and microscopic examinations in both intraperitoneal and orthotopic models. Pelvic extension and abdominal adhesions uniquely characterized the orthotopically injected animals. Numbers of identifiable metastases declined with lower cell inocula, confirming that early-stage disease was extended to at least 14 days with 102 NuTu-19 cells. The orthotopic ovarian cancer model emulates early disease with the initiation of a primary tumor that is localized within the inherent microenvironment. The orthotopic model offers a clinically relevant alternative for future cancer research that allows for the investigation of therapeutic strategies against early stages of the disease process.

Tubular carcinomas of the breast: A comparison of features and survival outcomes versus low grade ductal and lobular carcinomas in the SEER database.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e11596-e11596
Author(s):  
Andrew Michael Romano ◽  
Mark E Smolkin ◽  
Patrick Michael Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Stage 1

e11596 Background: Tubular carcinoma of the breast (TC) is a rare histologic subtype of breast cancer considered to have a favorable prognosis relative to other histologies. TC is by definition low grade. TC is described to have clinical behavior similar to low grade ductal and lobular breast cancers, but due to its infrequent presentation, long-term follow-up studies of TC are lacking. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was queried to include the years 1988-2009, selecting for patients with either grade 1 TC or grade 1 ductal and lobular breast cancer (G1BC). Data collected included age at diagnosis, race, stage, receptor status, overall survival, and surgery type. Two Cox proportional hazard models were assessed for differences between TC and G1BC, adjusting for age at diagnosis. Results: In SEER 18, 115,945 cases of TC+G1BC breast cancer are found, with 6.1% classified as TC. Of TC cases, 91% are stage 1, while 71% of GIBC are stage 1. Presenting stage 3 or 4 disease occurred in only 4.7% of G1BC versus 0.68% of TC cases. Due to the rarity of advanced disease, we analyzed early stage disease. For early Stage (1-2) breast cancer, mean age was 61.5 years for TC and 63.5 years for G1BC. The TC cases were 92% white, 4% black, 97% Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive, 82% Progesterone Receptor (PR) positive. Of G1BC cases, 88% were white, 5% black, 96% ER positive, 84% PR positive. Treatment differed with 76% of TC patients receiving lumpectomy versus G1BC where 65% received lumpectomy (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in overall survival between Stage I TC and G1BC (p=0.98), or between Stage II TC and G1BC (p=0.075), with the survival estimate higher for TC. Conclusions: In this large-scale analysis, TC was limited to early stage disease and there was no difference in overall survival between patients with early stage TC and early stage GIBC. There were similar receptor statuses and baseline characteristics, but more conservative surgical treatment in TC. Because no survival difference exists for early stage disease, the finding of tubular histology to guide treatment decisions may not be warranted.

Preoperative Sensitivity and Specificity for Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer When Combining Cancer Antigen CA-125II, CA 15-3, CA 72-4, and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Using Mixtures of Multivariate Normal Distributions

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 4059-4066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Skates ◽  
Nora Horick ◽  
Yinhua Yu ◽  
Feng-Ji Xu ◽  
Andrew Berchuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Screening Sensitivity ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Combining Information

Purpose In CA-125–based ovarian cancer screening trials, overall specificity and screening sensitivity of ultrasound after an elevated CA-125 exceeded 99.6% and 70%, respectively, thereby yielding a positive predictive value (PPV) exceeding 10%. However, sensitivity for early-stage disease was only 40%. This study aims to increase preoperative sensitivity for early-stage ovarian cancer while maintaining the annual referral rate to ultrasound at 2% by combining information across CA-125II, CA 15-3, CA 72-4, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). For direct comparisons between marker panels, all sensitivity results correspond to a 98% fixed first-line specificity (referral rate 2%). Patients and Methods Logistic regression, classification tree, and mixture discriminant analysis (MDA) models were fit to a training data set of preoperative serum measurements (63 patients, 126 healthy controls) from one center. Estimates from the training set applied to an independent validation set (60 stage I to II patients, 98 healthy controls) from two other centers provided unbiased estimates of sensitivity. Results Preoperative sensitivities for early-stage disease of the optimal panels were 45% for CA-125II; 67% for CA-125II and CA 72-4; 70% for CA-125II, CA 72-4, and M-CSF; and 68% for all four markers (latter two results using MDA). Conclusion Efficiently combining information on CA-125II, CA 72-4, and M-CSF significantly increased preoperative early-stage sensitivity from 45% with CA-125II alone to 70%, while maintaining 98% first-line specificity. Screening trials with these markers using MDA followed by referral to ultrasound may maintain previously high levels of specificity and PPV, while significantly increasing early-stage screening sensitivity. MDA is a useful, biologically justified method for combining biomarkers.

Mucinous ovarian cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Harrison ◽  
C. Jameson ◽  
M. E. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Relative Rarity ◽  
Ovarian Involvement

Mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer (mEOC) accounts for approximately 10% of EOCs. Patients presenting with early-stage disease have an excellent prognosis, however, those with advanced disease have a poor outcome with relative resistance to standard ovarian cancer chemotherapy. Molecular and genetic studies demonstrate differences between mucinous and serous EOC supporting the concept that these tumors develop along separate pathways. Together with the observed differences in clinical behavior and outcome for mEOC, there is a need to develop specific therapeutic strategies for this histologic subtype. The relative rarity of advanced mEOC has resulted in few patients enrolled in major ovarian cancer trials. The results of such trials may not necessarily reflect those specific to mEOC. Separate trials testing alternative chemotherapeutics are required. Metastatic mucinous tumors from other sites such as the gastrointestinal tract may present with ovarian involvement. For all mucinous tumors of the ovary, establishing primary as opposed to metastatic cancers is important. Clinical presentation, tumor markers, histologic, and immunohistochemical features are helpful in distinguishing most cases.

scholarly journals Automated Quantitative Analysis of HDM2 Expression in Malignant Melanoma Shows Association with Early-Stage Disease and Improved Outcome

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (23) ◽  
pp. 8767-8772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Berger ◽  
Robert L. Camp ◽  
Kyle A. DiVito ◽  
Harriet M. Kluger ◽  
Ruth Halaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Improved Outcome

scholarly journals Screening methods of ovarian cancer in adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Milenkovic ◽  
Radmila Sparic ◽  
Jasmina Atanackovic
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Stage Disease

Ovarian cancer is associated with high mortality rate which has improved a little despite therapeutic advances. It causes more deaths than combined cervical and uterine cancer. High mortality is believed to be a direct result of already advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Survival is excellent in case of early stage disease but poor in late stage disease, regardless of histology. The goal of screening for ovarian cancer is restricted to detection of asymptomatic early stage disease, as precursor lesions of ovarian cancer have not been identified. At present, there is no reliable method of ovarian cancer screening which has been shown to reduce mortality from ovarian cancer. Therefore, routine screening of women in general population can not be currently advised. Screening should be limited to high-risk population and subjects participating in research projects as long as the results of current studies are available.

Adjuvant chemotherapy beneficial for select early-stage, low-grade serous ovarian cancer patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
S. Grabosch ◽  
J. Berger ◽  
S.E. Taylor ◽  
J.F. Lin ◽  
M. Courtney-Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer
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