scholarly journals Evolution algebras whose evolution operator is a homomorphism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fernández‐Ternero ◽  
V. M. Gómez‐Sousa ◽  
J. Núñez‐Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Operator

scholarly journals Complexity growth in integrable and chaotic models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Balasubramanian ◽  
Matthew DeCross ◽  
Arjun Kar ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Onkar Parrikar
Keyword(s):  
Time Evolution ◽  
Evolution Operator ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Conjugate Points ◽  
Majorana Fermions ◽  
Time Evolution Operator ◽  
Free Theory ◽  
Group Manifold ◽  
Geodesic Length ◽  
Evolution Trajectory

Abstract We use the SYK family of models with N Majorana fermions to study the complexity of time evolution, formulated as the shortest geodesic length on the unitary group manifold between the identity and the time evolution operator, in free, integrable, and chaotic systems. Initially, the shortest geodesic follows the time evolution trajectory, and hence complexity grows linearly in time. We study how this linear growth is eventually truncated by the appearance and accumulation of conjugate points, which signal the presence of shorter geodesics intersecting the time evolution trajectory. By explicitly locating such “shortcuts” through analytical and numerical methods, we demonstrate that: (a) in the free theory, time evolution encounters conjugate points at a polynomial time; consequently complexity growth truncates at O($$ \sqrt{N} $$ N ), and we find an explicit operator which “fast-forwards” the free N-fermion time evolution with this complexity, (b) in a class of interacting integrable theories, the complexity is upper bounded by O(poly(N)), and (c) in chaotic theories, we argue that conjugate points do not occur until exponential times O(eN), after which it becomes possible to find infinitesimally nearby geodesics which approximate the time evolution operator. Finally, we explore the notion of eigenstate complexity in free, integrable, and chaotic models.

scholarly journals Using the Evolution Operator to Classify Evolution Algebras

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Desamparados Fernández-Ternero ◽  
Víctor M. Gómez-Sousa ◽  
Juan Núñez-Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Operator ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Per Se

Evolution algebras are currently widely studied due to their importance not only “per se” but also for their many applications to different scientific disciplines, such as Physics or Engineering, for instance. This paper deals with these types of algebras and their applications. A criterion for classifying those satisfying certain conditions is given and an algorithm to obtain degenerate evolution algebras starting from those of smaller dimensions is also analyzed and constructed.

scholarly journals Large Time Decay of Solutions to a Linear Nonautonomous System in Exterior Domains

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Hishida
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Operator ◽  
Large Time ◽  
Rigid Motion ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Energy Relation ◽  
Exterior Domains ◽  
Decay Properties ◽  
Decay Of Solutions ◽  
Whole Space ◽  
Expository Paper

In this expository paper, we study Lq-Lr decay estimates of the evolution operator generated by a perturbed Stokes system in n-dimensional exterior domains when the coefficients are time-dependent and can be unbounded at spatial infinity. By following the approach developed by the present author for the physically relevant case where the rigid motion of the obstacle is time-dependent, we clarify that some decay properties of solutions to the same system in whole space Rn together with the energy relation imply the desired estimates in exterior domains provided n≥3.

Exploring scalar quantum walks on Cayley graphs

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
O.L. Acevedo ◽  
J. Roland ◽  
N.J. Cerf
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Operator ◽  
Cayley Graphs ◽  
Quantum Walk ◽  
Quantum Walks ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Quantum Evolution ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Scalar Quantum

A quantum walk, \emph{i.e.}, the quantum evolution of a particle on a graph, is termed \emph{scalar} if the internal space of the moving particle (often called the coin) has dimension one. Here, we study the existence of scalar quantum walks on Cayley graphs, which are built from the generators of a group. After deriving a necessary condition on these generators for the existence of a scalar quantum walk, we present a general method to express the evolution operator of the walk, assuming homogeneity of the evolution. We use this necessary condition and the subsequent constructive method to investigate the existence of scalar quantum walks on Cayley graphs of groups presented with two or three generators. In this restricted framework, we classify all groups -- in terms of relations between their generators -- that admit scalar quantum walks, and we also derive the form of the most general evolution operator. Finally, we point out some interesting special cases, and extend our study to a few examples of Cayley graphs built with more than three generators.

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