Effects of Biochar, N Fertilizer, and Crop Residues on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Acidic Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Yeye Che ◽  
Fengge Zhang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Mohan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Gas Emissions

Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Field Burning of Crop Residues in the Philippines: 1990-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Hermis Patricio ◽  
◽  
Victoria Quimpang ◽  
Victor Amoroso ◽  
Noel Mendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Field Burning

crop residue, open burning, non-CO₂ emissions, inventory, philippines

scholarly journals ENERGY AND ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF ENERGY USE OF MAIZE CROP RESIDUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
G.G. Geletukha ◽  
O.I. Haidai
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Corn Residues

Maize crop residues have significant energy potential in Ukraine. The purpose of this work is to analyze the energy and environmental efficiency of thermal energy production from corn residues, taking into account the sustainability criteria. The task of the work is to quantitatively calculate energy and environmental efficiency indicators and compare them with values that meet the criteria of sustainable development. Using the life cycle assessment methodology, the cases of using bales, pellets and briquettes from plant biomass as fuel in a boiler with a capacity of 500 kW were considered. The calculation of the energy conversion factor and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has been performed. It is shown that at distances of transportation of finished biofuel not exceeding 150 km, energy indicators (energy yield coefficient, specific cumulative energy demand) are within the recommended values corresponding to sustainable development. The distribution of primary energy consumption of fossil fuels by stages of the life cycle of thermal energy production from maize crop residues is shown. Reductions of greenhouse gas emissions from the introduction of heat production technologies from maize crop residues meet the new requirements of the European Parliament and of the Council Directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources on the use of renewable energy sources. It is shown that in general the production of pellets and briquettes from corn residues is energetically inexpedient when transporting biomass at a distance that meets the criteria of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Increased nitrogen enrichment and shifted patterns in the world's grassland: 1860–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongting Xu ◽  
Hanqin Tian ◽  
Shufen Pan ◽  
Shree R. S. Dangal ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
N Application ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Southern Asia

Abstract. Production and application to soils of manure excreta from livestock farming significantly perturb the global nutrient balance and result in significant greenhouse gas emissions that warm the earth's climate. Despite much attention paid to synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer and manure N applications to croplands, spatially explicit, continuous time-series datasets of manure and fertilizer N inputs on pastures and rangelands are lacking. We developed three global gridded datasets at a resolution of 0.5∘ × 0.5∘ for the period 1860–2016 (i.e., annual manure N deposition (by grazing animals) rate, synthetic N fertilizer and N manure application rates), by combining annual and 5 arcmin spatial data on pastures and rangelands with country-level statistics on livestock manure, mineral and chemical fertilizers, and land use information for cropland and permanent meadows and pastures. Based on the new data products, we estimated that total N inputs, the sum of manure N deposition, manure N application and fertilizer N application to pastures and rangelands, increased globally from 15 to 101 Tg N yr−1 during 1860–2016. In particular during the period 2000–2016, livestock manure N deposition accounted for 83 % of the total N inputs, whereas manure and fertilizer N application accounted 9 % and 8 %, respectively. At the regional scale, hotspots of manure N deposition remained largely similar during the period 1860–2016 (i.e., southern Asia, Africa and South America); however, hotspots of manure and fertilizer N application shifted from Europe to southern Asia in the early 21st century. The new three global datasets contribute to the filling of the previous data gaps of global and regional N inputs in pastures and rangelands, improving the abilities of ecosystem and earth system models to investigate the global impacts of N enrichment due to agriculture, in terms of associated greenhouse gas emissions and environmental sustainability issues. Datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892940.

Crop residues amendments quality and effect on greenhouse gas emissions and aggregate stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Stegarescu ◽  
Jordi Escuer ◽  
Karin Kauer ◽  
Endla Reintam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Gas Emissions

<p>The organic residues amendments have been widely studied for their essential role of enriching the soil with organic matter. Although the pathways of the fresh organic matter additions are very complex, so is the effect. Thus, the quality of the crop residues incorporated into the soil is a valuable attribute when deciding to switch to conservation agriculture. The different C/N ratio and biochemical composition of the crop residues will affect in various ways soil CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions and soil structural stability. The study explores the effect of different crop residues incorporated in the soil on greenhouse gas emissions and aggregate stability. The incubation experiment consisted of five treatments: control (just soil), sand (as reference), soil mixed with wheat straw, soil mixed with green fresh rye residues and soil mixed with green fresh oilseed rape residues. The residues were applied into the soil at a rate of 6 g C kg-1 of soil. The pots of all the treatments were placed for incubation for 105 days at approximately 23 oC and covered with dark plastic bags. The wetting procedure was done five times at 0-11-26-46-75 days to bring the soil to field capacity for water. The sampling for the gas emissions and aggregate stability was done before wetting and after wetting. The gas emissions were sampled using the chamber method and analysed in a Gas Chromatographer. The water-stable aggregates were analysed using the wet sieving method. The plant material was chemically analysed for total carbon and nitrogen and the biochemical composition on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results revealed that the cumulative CO2 emissions in oilseed rape were 8% higher than in rye treatment. Also, it was 76% higher than in wheat straw treatment and 95 % higher than in control treatment. The highest cumulative N2O emissions were registered in rye treatment 18.79 (±0.48) mg m-2 h-1. Oilseed rape treatment had 19% lower cumulative emissions compared to rye and 98 % higher compared to control and wheat straw treatments. Both rye and oilseed rape had a low C/N ratio 12 and 10, respectively whereas wheat straw had 98 C/N ratio. From a biochemical point of view, the wheat straw was richer in stable compounds such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose followed by rye and oilseed rape which had a higher content of labile compounds such as sugars and easily decomposable proteins. In general mean aggregate stability increased significantly only in the wheat straw treatment being 34.69% ±1.35. </p><p>In conclusion, this study showed that crop residues with low C/N ratio have a negative effect on greenhouse emissions. But do not have a long term effect on the increase of aggregate stability. On the contrary, the wheat straw has a positive impact on greenhouse gases, and it increased aggregate stability. </p>

Greenhouse gas emissions from passive composting of manure and digestate with crop residues and biochar on small-scale livestock farms in Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (23) ◽  
pp. 2924-2935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quynh Duong Vu ◽  
Andreas de Neergaard ◽  
Toan Duc Tran ◽  
Huong Thi Thu Hoang ◽  
Van Thi Khanh Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Livestock Farms

Livestock nutrition – a perspective on future needs in a resource-challenged planet

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Developing World ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Animal Product

Global agriculture will be challenged by future population growth in the developing nations in Africa and Asia, concurrent with regional changes in climate that will adversely affect local crop and fodder production. The uncoupling of animal production from land area by global trade in high energy grains and protein meals, which has underpinned industrialised livestock production in the developed world, is forecast to continue in some population growth hotspots of the developing world. However, the projected rise in fossil fuel costs and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with their use will increasingly favour use of non-cereal energy sources, and the extent of feeding cereal grains to livestock in the developing world into the middle of this century is uncertain. Meeting the developing world’s growing demand for meat, milk and eggs in the face of the 3-fold challenge of population growth, climate change and fossil energy decline, demands a fresh vision, and the development of fresh technologies for animal nutrition in coming decades. How can high efficiency production be achieved from feeds of low metabolisability? This question is as critical for aquaculture as it is for land-based production. Enhancing ruminant capacity to generate animal product from crop by-products is fundamental in this achievement, but livestock access to crop residues will be in competition with the emerging second-generation (cellulosic) biofuels industry. Industrial technologies that treat crop residues to improve their nutritive value at source, not just as end-user treatments, will be required. There is scope to boost animal production and also reduce enteric greenhouse gas emissions (e.g. nitrate supplements) and the expanded capability in rumen microbiology may deliver targeted tools to mitigate emissions and increase energy yield from cellulosic feedstuffs. The greatest challenge of tomorrow’s nutritionist, however, is to provide local feed energy resources and enhanced nutrient utilisation, allowing a high yield of animal product without reliance on imported cereal grains and oilseed meals.

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