scholarly journals In search of new biomarkers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Chan ◽  
Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
New Biomarkers

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Focus on New Biomarkers and Lifestyle Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3899
Author(s):  
Maria Notarnicola ◽  
Alberto Ruben Osella ◽  
Maria Gabriella Caruso ◽  
Pasqua Letizia Pesole ◽  
Antonio Lippolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Disease Focus

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, characterized from pathological changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Its main characteristics are excessive lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, which create a lipotoxic environment in hepatocytes leading to liver injury. Recently, many studies have focused on the identification of the genetic and epigenetic modifications that also contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis and their prognostic implications. The present review is aimed to discuss on cellular and metabolic alterations associated with NAFLD, which can be helpful to identify new noninvasive biomarkers. The identification of accumulated lipids in the cell membranes, as well as circulating cytokeratins and exosomes, provides new insights in understanding of NAFLD. This review also suggests that lifestyle modifications remain the main prevention and/or treatment for NAFLD.

scholarly journals The structure of Haplotypes and Diplotypes in the PNPLA3 gene in the Yakut Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Khariton Kurtanov ◽  
Nadezhda Pavlova ◽  
Aleksandra Diakonova ◽  
Lyubovy Sydykova ◽  
Tuyara Aleksandrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Yakut Population ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
New Biomarkers

Background: The first GWAS searching for such genetic factors identified the PNPLA3 gene as a major genetic determinant for the predisposition to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Hispanic, African American, and European American populations, according to liver fat contents, a finding that was subsequently confirmed by liver biopsy in Europeans and Asians. The aim of our research was to study the distribution of alleles, genotypes, haplotypes and diplotypes of polymorphic variants of the PNPLA3 gene (rs2294918 and rs738409) in Yakuts. Methods and Results: The PNPLA3 SNPs (rs2294918 and rs738409) were analyzed by PCR-RFLP reaction. The PNPLA3 rs738409 SNP in the Yakut population is characterized by a high frequency of the risk G allele (72%). According to the PNPLA3 rs2294918 SNP, which suppresses the negative effect of rs738409, the protective PNPLA3 (rs2294918) A allele was found only in 10.7% of study subjects. Analysis of the distribution of the frequency of genotypes in the studied sample of Yakuts showed the predominance of the carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype (57.3%) and the PNPLA3 rs2294918 GG genotype (80.7%). The frequency of the PNPLA3 (rs2294918) AA and AG genotypes was 2.0% and 17.3%, respectively. The Yakuts often have two diplotypes [GG]-[GG] and [CG]-[GG]. Both diplotypes carry the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele (45.3% and 28%) and do not carry the PNPLA3 rs2294918 A allele. The high frequency of the [GG]-[GG] and [CG]-[GG] diplotypes in Yakuts (45.3% and 25%, respectively), carrying mutant alleles G (rs738409) and not carrying the A allele (rs2294918), indicates that these diplotypes were probably adaptively favorable to the Yakuts. Conclusion: The analysis of haplotypes and diplotypes based on the markers rs738409 and rs2294918 of the PNPLA3 gene may contribute to future new biomarkers for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, as well as provide fundamental knowledge on human adaptation to cold.

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