scholarly journals Hypothesis‐free deep survival learning applied to the tumour microenvironment in gastric cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Armin Meier ◽  
Katharina Nekolla ◽  
Lindsay C Hewitt ◽  
Sophie Earle ◽  
Takaki Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment

scholarly journals Exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer: functions and clinical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Huan Tang ◽  
Ting Guo ◽  
Xiang-Yu Gao ◽  
Xiao-Long Wu ◽  
Xiao-Fang Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Stability

AbstractExosomes are a subpopulation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that transmit various biological molecules to promote intercellular communication. Exosomes are derived from nearly all types of cells and exist in all body fluids. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among the most abundant contents in exosomes, and some ncRNAs with biological functions are specifically packaged into exosomes. Recent studies have revealed that exosome-derived ncRNAs play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance of gastric cancer (GC). In addition, regulating the expression levels of exosomal ncRNAs can promote or suppress GC progression. Moreover, the membrane structures of exosomes protect ncRNAs from degradation by enzymes and other chemical substances, significantly increasing the stability of exosomal ncRNAs. Specific hallmarks within exosomes that can be used for exosome identification, and specific contents can be used to determine their origin. Therefore, exosomal ncRNAs are suitable for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Regulating the biogenesis of exosomes and the expression levels of exosomal ncRNAs may represent a new way to block or eradicate GC. In this review, we summarized the origins and characteristics of exosomes and analysed the association between exosomal ncRNAs and GC development.

Identification and validation of tumour microenvironment-based immune molecular subgroups for gastric cancer: immunotherapeutic implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jie Zhou ◽  
Gui-Qi Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Fan Lu ◽  
Kenneth I. Zheng ◽  
Qi-Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Molecular Subgroups ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapeutic

scholarly journals The role of tumour microenvironment in gastric cancer angiogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Brzozowa ◽  
Marek Michalski ◽  
Marzena Harabin-Słowińska ◽  
Romuald Wojnicz
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment

scholarly journals H.Pylori Infection Induces CXCL8 Expression and Promotes Gastric Cancer Progress Through Downregulating KLF4

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zhengxia liu ◽  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Yuanyuan Tian ◽  
wanchun zhang ◽  
siyuan qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Klf4 Expression ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Downstream Target Gene ◽  
Immunosuppressive Microenvironment ◽  
Biological Methods

Abstract Background Tumour-derived CXCL8 facilitates the movement of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which have the capacity to restrain antitumour immune responses, into the tumour microenvironment. Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a potential tumour suppressor in gastric cancer (GC). However, little is known about the correlation between KLF4 and CXCL8 in gastric carcinoma.Methods In this study, we used cellular and molecular biological methods to assess whether these two factors interact in GC.Results We found that the expression levels of CXCL8 and KLF4 were altered in human GC tissues compared to normal gastric tissues in opposite ways. In addition, we found that CagA gene transduction or Helicobacter pylori infection resulted in the upregulation of CXCL8 expression. Knockdown of KLF4 expression increased CXCL8 expression at the protein and RNA levels, whereas overexpression of KLF4 had the opposite effect. Further mechanistic research revealed that KLF4 binds the CXCL8 promoter and negatively regulates CXCL8 at the transcriptional level. Moreover, CXCL8 factor stimulation reduced KLF4 expression, and the CXCL8-mediated increase in GC cell migration and proliferation was reversed by the upregulation of KLF4 expression, eventually promoting neoplasm growth in vivo.Conclusions Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CXCL8 is a decisive downstream target gene of KLF4 in gastric carcinoma. Targeted KLF4 activation could improve the immunosuppressive microenvironment through direct, negative regulation of CXCL8, providing a new potential target to strengthen the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with GC.

Integrated Analysis of Helicobacter Pylori-Related Prognostic Gene Modification Patterns in the Tumour Microenvironment of Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Wang ◽  
kaitian Zheng ◽  
Jiancheng Wang ◽  
congjun Wang ◽  
Junqiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Immunological Surveillance

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is one of the leading causes of gastric cancer (GC). However, the interaction between HP and the TME, and its carcinogenic mechanism remains unknown. Methods We screened 28 HP-related prognostic genes based on HP infection-related gene markers and HP infection sample datasets (GSE6143 and GSE60662). We then constructed an HPscore system by using the principal component analysis algorithm and successfully quantified the HP modification characteristics of a single GC sample. In addition, we comprehensively analysed the relationship between the HPscore and the clinical characteristics of patients with GC, the immune cell infiltration characteristics of the TME and stemness. Results We successfully identified 28 HP-related prognostic genes that accurately classified the GC population. There are significant differences in survival between different subgroups(high-, low-risk and cluster_1,2). Thereafter, we constructed the HPscore system to systematically evaluate the modification characteristics of the 28 HP-related prognostic genes, and the internal and external validation of the HPscore system suggested similar results: the overall survival rate in the high -HPscore group was poor, and immunological surveillance was reduced, whereas the low-HPscore group had a survival advantage, and was related to the inflammatory response. HPscore was also strongly correlated with the tumour stage, TME cell infiltration and stemness. Conclusions HP-modified characteristics play a crucial role in the TME and tumourigenesis. HPscore evaluation of a single tumour sample can help identify the TME characteristics and the carcinogenic mechanism of GC patients infected with HP, based on which personalised treatment can be administered.

scholarly journals Molecular alterations of cancer cell and tumour microenvironment in metastatic gastric cancer

Oncogene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (36) ◽  
pp. 4903-4920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilin Li ◽  
Jennifer Mun-Kar Ng ◽  
Chi Chun Wong ◽  
Enders Kwok Wai Ng ◽  
Jun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Metastatic Gastric Cancer ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Molecular Alterations

scholarly journals The role and application of small extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Mengdi Fu ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Wei Chong ◽  
Zhen Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Effects ◽  
Application Prospects

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a common tumour that affects humans worldwide, is highly malignant and has a poor prognosis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), especially exosomes, are nanoscale vesicles released by various cells that deliver bioactive molecules to recipient cells, affecting their biological characteristics, changing the tumour microenvironment and producing long-distance effects. In recent years, many studies have clarified the mechanisms by which sEVs function with regard to the initiation, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance of GC. These molecules can function as mediators of cell-cell communication in the tumour microenvironment and might affect the efficacy of immunotherapy. Due to their unique physiochemical characteristics, sEVs show potential as effective antitumour vaccines as well as drug carriers. In this review, we summarize the roles of sEVs in GC and highlight the clinical application prospects in the future.

scholarly journals LncRNA MALAT1 promotes gastric cancer progression via inhibiting autophagic flux and inducing fibroblast activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqiang Wang ◽  
Xinjing Wang ◽  
Tianqi Zhang ◽  
Liping Su ◽  
Bingya Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Intercellular Interaction ◽  
Pten Mrna ◽  
Autophagy Inhibition

AbstractAutophagy defection contributes to inflammation dysregulation, which plays an important role in gastric cancer (GC) progression. Various studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNA could function as novel regulators of autophagy. Previously, long noncoding RNA MALAT1 was reported upregulated in GC cells and could positively regulate autophagy in various cancers. Here, we for the first time found that MALAT1 could promote interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in GC cells by blocking autophagic flux. Moreover, IL-6 induced by MALAT1 could activate normal to cancer-associated fibroblast conversion. The interaction between GC cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumour microenvironment could facilitate cancer progression. Mechanistically, MALAT1 overexpression destabilized the PTEN mRNA in GC cells by competitively interacting with the RNA-binding protein ELAVL1 to activate the AKT/mTOR pathway for impairing autophagic flux. As a consequence of autophagy inhibition, SQSTM1 accumulation promotes NF-κB translocation to elevate IL-6 expression. Overall, these results demonstrated that intercellular interaction between GC cells and fibroblasts was mediated by autophagy inhibition caused by increased MALAT1 that promotes GC progression, providing novel prevention and therapeutic strategies for GC.

scholarly journals Gastric Cancer: Advances in Carcinogenesis Research and New Therapeutic Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3418
Author(s):  
Lornella Seeneevassen ◽  
Emilie Bessède ◽  
Francis Mégraud ◽  
Philippe Lehours ◽  
Pierre Dubus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Health Issue

Gastric cancer’s bad incidence, prognosis, cellular and molecular heterogeneity amongst others make this disease a major health issue worldwide. Understanding this affliction is a priority for proper patients’ management and for the development of efficient therapeutical strategies. This review gives an overview of major scientific advances, made during the past 5-years, to improve the comprehension of gastric adenocarcinoma. A focus was made on the different actors of gastric carcinogenesis, including, Helicobacter pylori cancer stem cells, tumour microenvironment and microbiota. New and recent potential biomarkers were assessed as well as emerging therapeutical strategies involving cancer stem cells targeting as well as immunotherapy. Finally, recent experimental models to study this highly complex disease were discussed, highlighting the importance of gastric cancer understanding in the hard-fought struggle against cancer relapse, metastasis and bad prognosis.

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