Multi-Model Projection of the Interannual Relationship Between Spring Hadley Circulation and East Asian Summer Circulation under Global Warming

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Tao ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Hadley Circulation ◽  
Summer Circulation ◽  
Model Projection ◽  
Asian Summer

scholarly journals Can Global Warming Strengthen the East Asian Summer Monsoon?

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (24) ◽  
pp. 6696-6705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Li ◽  
Zhiwei Wu ◽  
Zhihong Jiang ◽  
Jinhai He
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Position Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Southward Shift ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) tends to be intensified in a global-warming scenario, with a weakened linkage with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but how the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) responds is still an open question. This study investigates the responses of the EASM from observations, theoretical, and modeling perspectives. Observational and theoretical evidence demonstrates that, in contrast to the dramatic global-warming trend within the past 50 years, the regional-mean EASM rainfall is basically dominated by considerable interannual-to-decadal fluctuations, concurrent with enhanced precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and over southern Japan and suppressed rainfall amount over the South China and Philippine Seas. From 1958 through 2008, the EASM circulation exhibits a southward shift in its major components (the subtropical westerly jet stream, the western Pacific Ocean subtropical high, the subtropical mei-yu–baiu–changma front, and the tropical monsoon trough). Such a southward shift is very likely or in part due to the meridional asymmetric warming with the most prominent surface warming in the midhigh latitudes (45°–60°N), which induces a weakened meridional thermal contrast over eastern Asia. Another notable feature is the enhanced ENSO–EASM relationship within the past 50 years, which is opposite to the ISM. Fourteen state-of-the-art coupled models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change show that the EASM strength does not respond with any pronounced trend to the global-warming “A1B” forcing scenario (with an atmospheric CO2 concentration of 720 ppm) but shows interannual-to-decadal variations in the twenty-first century (2000–99). These results indicate that the primary response of the EASM to a warming climate may be a position change instead of an intensity change, and such position change may lead to spatial coexistence of floods and droughts over eastern Asia as has been observed in the past 50 years.

Different Enhancement of the East Asian Summer Monsoon under Global Warming and Interglacial Epochs Simulated by CMIP6 Models: Role of the Subtropical High

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (22) ◽  
pp. 9721-9733
Author(s):  
Chao He ◽  
Wen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Subtropical High ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Southerly Wind ◽  
Asian Summer

AbstractSoutherly wind in the lower troposphere is an essential feature of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) circulation, which is reported to be enhanced under global warming scenarios and interglacial epochs. Based on an analysis of an ensemble of CMIP6 models, this study shows that the magnitude of intensification of the EASM circulation is much smaller under global warming scenarios than during interglacial epochs. Distinct changes in the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) are responsible for the different responses of the EASM circulation. The WNPSH is substantially enhanced during interglacial epochs, which acts to strengthen the southerly wind associated with the EASM on the western flank of the WNPSH. However, the change in the WNPSH is insignificant and cannot strengthen the EASM under global warming scenarios, and the weakly enhanced EASM circulation may be a direct response to intensified heating over the Tibetan Plateau. The land–ocean thermal contrast explains the different responses of the WNPSH. During interglacial epochs, the summertime surface warming over the subtropical North Pacific is much weaker than over Eurasia due to the large thermal inertia of the ocean to increased insolation, and the WNPSH is intensified as a response to the suppressed latent heating over the subtropical North Pacific. The fast response of the WNPSH to abrupt quadrupling of CO2 without sufficient ocean warming is an analog to the interglacial epochs, but it is offset by the effect of slow oceanic warming, resulting in an insignificant change of the WNPSH under global warming scenarios.

scholarly journals Enhanced Latent Heating over the Tibetan Plateau as a Key to the Enhanced East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation under a Warming Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 3373-3388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao He ◽  
Ziqian Wang ◽  
Tianjun Zhou ◽  
Tim Li
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Latent Heating ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Southerly Wind ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Asian Summer

AbstractCoupled climate system models consistently show that the low-level southerly wind associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is enhanced under anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing, and the enhanced EASM was attributed to the enhanced land–sea thermal contrast by previous studies. Based on a comparison of the global warming scenarios with the present-day climate in an ensemble of 30 coupled models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), we show evidence that changes in land–sea thermal contrast cannot explain the enhanced EASM circulation in terms of the seasonality. Indeed, the enhanced low-level southerly wind over East Asia is associated with a large-scale anomalous cyclone around the Tibetan Plateau (TP), and numerical simulation by the Linear Baroclinic Model suggests that the enhanced latent heating over the TP associated with enhanced precipitation is responsible for this low-level cyclone anomaly and the enhanced EASM circulation projected by the coupled models. Moisture budget analysis shows that enhanced hydrological recycling and enhanced vertical moisture advection due to increased specific humidity have the largest contribution to the increased precipitation over the TP, and more than half of the intermodel uncertainty in the projected change of EASM circulation is associated with the uncertainty in the changes of precipitation over the TP. Therefore, the TP plays an essential role in enhancing the EASM circulation under global warming through enhanced latent heating over the TP.

Global Warming Projection by an Atmospheric Global Model with 20-km Grid

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Kusunoki ◽  
◽  
Jun Yoshimura ◽  
Hiromasa Yoshimura ◽  
Ryo Mizuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Rain Band ◽  
Asian Summer

We projected global warming on the Earth Simulator using a very high horizontal resolution atmospheric global general circulation model with 20-km grids, targeting tropical cyclones (TCs) and the rain band (Baiu) during the East Asian summer monsoon season because these bring typical extreme events and global climate models have not yielded reliable simulations or projections due to insufficient resolutions. Our model reproduces TCs and a Baiu rain band reasonably well under present-day climate conditions. In a warmer climate at the end of this century, the model projects, under A1B scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES), that the annual mean formation frequency of TCs decreases by about 30% globally but increased in the North Atlantic and TCs with largemaximumsurface winds increase. The Baiu rain band activity tends to intensify and last longer until August, suggesting more damages due to heavy rainfalls in a warmer climate. This is a review paper mainly originated from published articles on tropical cyclone by Oouchi et al. (2006) [26] and on the East Asian summer monsoon by Kusunoki et al. (2006) [17].

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