Production of potassium sulphate from naturally occurring sodium sulphate and potassium chloride

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Salt effect in hydrolysis of 3-acyl-1,3-diphenyltriazenes

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 3104-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Ludwig ◽  
Oldřich Pytela ◽  
Miroslav Večeřa
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Salt Effect ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Lithium Sulphate ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Rate constants of non-catalyzed hydrolysis of 3-acetyl-1,3-diphenyltriazene (I) and 3-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-1,3-diphenyltriazene (II) have been measured in the presence of salts (ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium chloride and bromide, ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate, lithium sulphate, sodium sulphate and zinc sulphate) within broad concentration ranges. Temperature dependence of the hydrolysis of the substrates studied has been measured in the presence of lithium sulphate within temperature range 20° to 55 °C. The results obtained have been interpreted by mechanisms of hydrolysis of the studied substances.

RECIPROCAL SALT PAIRS, INVOLVING THE CATIONS Li2, Na2, AND K2, THE ANIONS SO4, AND Cl2, AND WATER, AT 25 °C

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1511-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark ◽  
E. G. Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Invariant Point ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Lithium Sulphate ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Chloride Monohydrate

In the reciprocal salt pair Li2, K2, Cl2, SO4, and water, at 25 °C there are large areas in which potassium sulphate and potassium lithium sulphate (KLiSO4) are separately in equilibrium with solution. Two incongruent invariant points exist. At one of these the composition of the solution is 0.917 mole fraction chloride, 0.437 mole fraction lithium, and 19.4 moles of water per total mole of salt, the equilibrium solid phases being potassium chloride, potassium sulphate, and the double salt. At the second, the composition of the solution is 0.967 mole fraction chloride, 0.870 mole fraction lithium, and 13.8 moles of water per mole of salt, the solid phases being potassium chloride, double salt, and lithium sulphate monohydrate. One congruent invariant point exists, at which the composition of the solution is 1.00 mole fraction chloride, 0.960 mole fraction lithium, and 9.6 moles of water per mole of salt, the solid phases being lithium sulphate monohydrate, lithium chloride monohydrate, and potassium chloride.In the reciprocal salt pair Li2, Na2, Cl2, SO4, and water, at 25 °C there is an incongruent invariant point at which the composition of the solution is 0.873 mole fraction chloride, 0.668 mole fraction lithium, and 15.1 moles water per total mole of salt, the solid phases being sodium chloride, solid solution of sodium and lithium sulphates, and lithium sulphate monohydrate. A congruent invariant point exists, at which the composition of the solution is practically entirely lithium chloride, the solid phases present being lithium chloride monohydrate, lithium sulphate monohydrate, and sodium chloride.

Sinigrin as a feeding deterrent in two crucifer-feeding, polyphagous lepidopterous species and the effects of feeding stimulant mixtures on deterrency

1995 ◽  
Vol 347 (1322) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Feeding Deterrent ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Feeding Stimulant ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

The glucosinolate, sinigrin (allyl- or 2-propenyl glucosinolate), present in several Gruciferae, was incorporated in varying concentrations into four different diet background mixtures to study the behavioural reactions of Mamestra configurata and Trichoplusia ni. Sinigrin concentrations were chosen to mimic normal levels in naturally occurring cruciferous plants, or to represent a plant during a particular stage in its growth cycle. One diet background mixture contained potassium chloride (KC1) and no stimulatory sugar or sugar alcohol, two backgrounds contained KC1 and a single sugar or sugar alcohol (sucrose or inositol, respectively), and the fourth background contained KC1 and both sugar and sugar alcohol (sucrose and inositol, respectively). Sinigrin acted primarily to reduce (deter) feeding in all backgrounds, although the effect varied with sinigrin concentration, background and species. When inositol or sucrose was included in the mixture, the deterrent effect of sinigrin was decreased in both species. When inositol and sucrose were present, suppression of the deterrent effect of sinigrin was greatest for M. configurata . The effects of mixtures were not predictable from a knowledge of the action of individual components. Differences observed between species may reflect different sensory capabilities.

scholarly journals The theory of metallic corrosion in the light of quantitative measurements.—Part IV

1931 ◽  
Vol 131 (817) ◽  
pp. 494-517 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Metallic Corrosion ◽  
Reactive Metals

The present paper includes some experiments suggested by criticisms of Part III of the research, and describes work upon the effect of depth of im­mersion on the corrosion of zinc in potassium chloride solutions. Some of the factors which influence the distribution of corrosion over the metallic surface are discussed with particular reference to the effect of differential aeration. Curves are given showing the effect of concentration of potassium chloride and potassium sulphate on the initial corrosion rate of zinc in tranquil conditions. The experimental methods used are those described in previous papers, supple­mented by micrographic work and a few potential measurements. The criticism has been made that the tranquil conditions in which the present series of experiments is being conducted cause abnormally slow rates of oxygen supply which dictate the corrosion rates; these, therefore, are not considered characteristic of the metal under test, but merely of the rate of penetration of oxygen through the liquid and any corrosion products which cover the metal. It has also been suggested that much faster rates of oxygen supply would be required to bring out the true corrosion characteristics of a metal or even to differentiate between two fairly reactive metals.

scholarly journals The effect of various treatments of culture medium upon the growth of certain fungal antagonists

1965 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Leila-Riitta Erviö
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Mucor Hiemalis ◽  
Sclerotinia Trifoliorum ◽  
Rhizopus Nigricans ◽  
Ph Range

The addition of potassium chloride and potassium sulphate at a rate of 200 g/m2 to the culture medium had no effect on the growth of Sclerotinia trifoliorum, Acrostalagmus roseus I and II, Coniothyrium minitans, Gliocladium sp., Mucor hiemalis, M. spinosus, Sporotrichum carnis and Trichothecium roseum. Treatment of the culture medium with PCNB suppressed to some extent the development of A. roseus I and II, Gliocladium sp., C. minitans I and II, Mucor hiemalis and M. spinosus. The fungal species S. trifoliorum, Rhizopus nigricans and Sporotrichum carnis did not grow at all on PCNB-treated medium. S. trifoliorum, A. roseus I, Gliocladium sp., T. viride and T. roseum were able to grow in the pH range of 4—9. When the pH of the medium was 2, only T. viride grew. Oxygen deficiency suppressed the growth of S. trifoliorum, and the growth and the conidia formation of A. roseus I and II, M. hiemalis and T. viride.

Electrolysis through Precipitation Films. Part I

1906 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-463
Author(s):  
W. S. Millar ◽  
W. W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Aluminium Hydroxide ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Aluminium Anode

In a paper on the aluminium anode by one of us, in conjunction with Inglis, it was pointed out that if the suggested theory of the aluminium anode is correct, a precipitation film of aluminium hydroxide should dimmish the conductivity of salt solutions to very different extents depending upon the ions present, and that, e.g., the diminution in the case of potassium chloride might be expected to be slight, in the case of potassium bromide somewhat greater, and in the case of potassium sulphate to be very considerable. Preliminary experiments to measure these differences directly were not successful, almost certainly, as was stated at the time, because of the difficulty of freeing the precipitation membrane from the concomitant soluble impurities.

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