Gas solid contact efficiency of pyridine synthesis reactors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaishuai Zhou ◽  
Congzhen Qiao ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Chunxi Lu ◽  
Mengxi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Contact ◽  
Pyridine Synthesis ◽  
Contact Efficiency

Optimizing the Fuel Reactor for Chemical Looping Combustion

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ada´nez ◽  
Francisco Garci´a-Labiano ◽  
Luis F. de Diego ◽  
Ainhoa Plata ◽  
Javier Celaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
Fuel Reactor ◽  
Contact Efficiency

A mathematical model for a bubbling fluidized bed has been developed to optimize the performance of the fuel reactor in chemical looping combustion systems. This model considers both the hydrodynamic of the fluidized bed (dense bed and freeboard) and the kinetics of the oxygen carrier reduction. Although the model is valid for any of the possible oxygen carriers and fuels, the present work has been focused in the use of a carrier, CuO-SiO2, and CH4 as fuel. The shrinking core model has been used to define the particle behavior during their reduction. The simulation of the fuel reactor under different operating conditions was carried out to set the operating conditions and optimize the process. The effect of different design or operating variables as the bed height, the oxygen carrier/fuel ratio, and the gas throughput was analyzed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis to the solid reactivity, the bubble diameter, and to the gas/solid contact efficiency in the freeboard was done. At vigorous fluidization, solid present in the freeboard can strongly contribute to the gas conversion in the fuel reactor. However, the gas/solid contact efficiency in this zone must be determined for each particular case.

Gas–Solid Contact Efficiency in a Coil-Shaped Rotating Spiral Gas–Solid Contacting Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Tadaaki Shimizu ◽  
Liuyun Li ◽  
Heizo Kato ◽  
Akimichi Hatta ◽  
Toshinori Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Solid Contact ◽  
Contact Efficiency

scholarly journals 3D-printed manifold integrating solid contact ion-selective electrodes for multiplexed ion concentration measurements in urine

Talanta ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122491
Author(s):  
Marek Dębosz ◽  
József Kozma ◽  
Radosław Porada ◽  
Marcin Wieczorek ◽  
Justyna Paluch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Concentration Measurements

scholarly journals Linear and Nonlinear Normal Interface Stiffness in Dry Rough Surface Contact Measured Using Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5720
Author(s):  
Saeid Taghizadeh ◽  
Robert Sean Dwyer-Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
Interfacial Stiffness ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear

When two rough surfaces are loaded together contact occurs at asperity peaks. An interface of solid contact regions and air gaps is formed that is less stiff than the bulk material. The stiffness of a structure thus depends on the interface conditions; this is particularly critical when high stiffness is required, for example in precision systems such as machine tool spindles. The rough surface interface can be modelled as a distributed spring. For small deformation, the spring can be assumed to be linear; whilst for large deformations the spring gets stiffer as the amount of solid contact increases. One method to measure the spring stiffness, both the linear and nonlinear aspect, is by the reflection of ultrasound. An ultrasonic wave causes a perturbation of the contact and the reflection depends on the stiffness of the interface. In most conventional applications, the ultrasonic wave is low power, deformation is small and entirely elastic, and the linear stiffness is measured. However, if a high-powered ultrasonic wave is used, this changes the geometry of the contact and induces nonlinear response. In previous studies through transmission methods were used to measure the nonlinear interfacial stiffness. This approach is inconvenient for the study of machine elements where only one side of the interface is accessible. In this study a reflection method is undertaken, and the results are compared to existing experimental work with through transmission. The variation of both linear and nonlinear interfacial stiffnesses was measured as the nominal contact pressure was increased. In both cases interfacial stiffness was expressed as nonlinear differential equations and solved to deduce the contact pressure-relative surface approach relationships. The relationships derived from linear and nonlinear measurements were similar, indicating the validity of the presented methods.

scholarly journals Potentiometric Carboxylate Sensors Based on Carbazole-Derived Acyclic and Macrocyclic Ionophores

Chemosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ville Yrjänä ◽  
Indrek Saar ◽  
Mihkel Ilisson ◽  
Sandip A. Kadam ◽  
Ivo Leito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Anion Exchanger ◽  
Linear Range ◽  
Ph Sensitivity ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes with carbazole-derived ionophores were prepared. They were characterized as acetate sensors, but can be used to determine a number of carboxylates. The potentiometric response characteristics (slope, detection limit, selectivity, and pH sensitivity) of sensors prepared with different membrane compositions (ionophore, ionophore concentration, anion exchanger concentration, and plasticizer) were evaluated. The results show that for the macrocyclic ionophores, a larger cavity provided better selectivity. The sensors exhibited modest selectivity for acetate but good selectivity for benzoate. The carbazole-derived ionophores effectively decreased the interference from lipophilic anions, such as bromide, nitrate, iodide, and thiocyanate. The selectivity, detection limit, and linear range were improved by choosing a suitable plasticizer and by reducing the ionophore and anion exchanger concentrations. The influence of the electrode body’s material upon the composition of the plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membrane, and thus also upon the sensor characteristics, was also studied. The choice of materials for the electrode body significantly affected the characteristics of the sensors.

scholarly journals Ion-to-electron capacitance of single-walled carbon nanotube layers before and after ion-selective membrane deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Zdrachek ◽  
Eric Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Selective Membrane ◽  
High Potential Stability ◽  
Potential Stability

AbstractThe capacitance of the ion-to-electron transducer layer helps to maintain a high potential stability of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs), and its estimation is therefore an essential step of SC-ISE characterization. The established chronopotentiometric protocol used to evaluate the capacitance of the single-walled carbon nanotube transducer layer was revised in order to obtain more reliable and better reproducible values and also to allow capacitance to be measured before membrane deposition for electrode manufacturing quality control purposes. The capacitance values measured with the revised method increased linearly with the number of deposited carbon nanotube–based transducer layers and were also found to correlate linearly before and after ion-selective membrane deposition, with correlation slopes close to 1 for nitrate-selective electrodes, to 0.7 and to 0.5 for potassium- and calcium-selective electrodes. Graphical abstract

Flow and level sensing by waveform coupled liquid-solid contact-electrification

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 100372
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
D. Zhao ◽  
X. Yu ◽  
T. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Contact ◽  
Contact Electrification
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