CFD simulation of solids residence time distribution for scaling up gas‐solid bubbling fluidized bed reactors based on the modified structure‐based drag model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Zhao ◽  
Zheng Zou ◽  
Junwu Wang ◽  
Hongzhong Li ◽  
Qingshan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Drag Model ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed

Modelling of Fluidized Bed Reactors

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Werther ◽  
Ernst-Ulrich Hartge
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Model Calculations

The fluidized bed reactor has a lot of advantages: excellent gas-solid contacting, no hot spots even with highly exothermal reactions, good gas-to-particle and bed-to-wall heat transfer and the ease of solids handling which is particularly important if the catalyst is quickly ageing. However, the list of disadvantages is as long: broad residence time distribution of the gas due to dispersion and gas-bypass in the form of bubbles, broad residence time distribution of solids due to intense mixing, erosion of bed internals and the attrition of the catalyst particles. A particular disadvantage of the fluidized bed reactor is its difficult scale-up. The historical experience with the FCC process is that in the early 40's of the last century this process was successfully scaled up from a 5 cm dia. pilot-scale unit to a 4.5 m dia. bed in the production unit. On the other hand, around 1950 the scale up of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the fluidized bed failed completely. Modern process design should be able to avoid such disasters by making use of modeling and simulation tools. However, a modeling tool which is really helpful in planning and designing of an industrial fluidized bed reactor has to fulfill a lot of requirements. It should be able to describe the influence of the several changes which are typical for the scale-up process, for example enlargement of bed diameter, bed height and fluidizing velocity, changes of gas distributor design, introduction of in-bed heat exchanger tubes and baffles. In the present work a modelling approach is presented which is able to handle the most important aspects of industrial fluidized bed reactors. A particular focus is to describe the relationship between catalyst attrition, solids recovery in the reactor system and chemical performance of the fluidized bed reactor. The competing influences of attrition of the catalyst particles and efficiency of the solids recovery lead to the establishment of a catalyst particle size distribution (PSD) in the bed inventory which in turn influences via the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluidized bed the performance of the chemical reactor. The usefulness of this approach is illustrated with model calculations for a fictituous first order reaction where the fluidized bed is equipped with different solids recovery systems including one single stage cyclone, several cyclones in parallel, two- and three-stage cyclone systems, respectively. Model calculations illustrate the significance of a high efficiency of the solids recovery in order to keep the fines in the system which is decisive for a high performance of the reactor. The calculations reveal that it may take months until a quasi steady state of the bed particle size distribution is obtained.

Prediction of solids residence time distribution in cross-flow bubbling fluidized bed

2017 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujun Geng ◽  
Yanan Qian ◽  
Jinhui Zhan ◽  
Hongling Zhang ◽  
Guangwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed

CFD simulation of solids residence time distribution in a multi-compartment fluidized bed

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1706-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zou ◽  
Yunlong Zhao ◽  
Hu Zhao ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Zhaohui Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Cfd Simulation

A method for measuring the residence time distribution of particles in a fluidized bed based on digital image analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamin Li ◽  
Xiaoping Chen ◽  
Jiliang Ma ◽  
Cai Liang
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Color Space ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

AbstractTraditional methods for measuring the residence time distribution (RTD) of particles in a fluidized bed are complex and time-consuming. To this regard, the present work proposes a new measurement method with remarkable efficiency based on digital image analysis. The dyed tracers are recognized in the images of the samples due to the difference of colors from bed materials. The HSV and the well-known RGB color space were employed to distinguish the tracers. By enhancing the Saturation and the Value in HSV and adjusting the gray range of images, the recognition error is effectively reduced. Then the pixels representing the tracers are distinguished, based on which the concentration of the tracers and RTD are measured. The efficiency, accuracy and repeatability of the method were validated by RTD measurements experiments. The method is also fit for distinguishing the target particles from multi-component systems consisting of particles of different colors.

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