Pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse in a fixed bed reactor: Influence of operational conditions in the distribution of products

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 2249-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvan Vinícius Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Teodoro ◽  
Fernanda Lini Seixas ◽  
Edmilson Antonio Canesin ◽  
Mara Heloisa Neves Olsen Scaliante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Operational Conditions

Solar-driven steam-based gasification of sugarcane bagasse in a combined drop-tube and fixed-bed reactor – Thermodynamic, kinetic, and experimental analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kruesi ◽  
Zoran R. Jovanovic ◽  
Elena C. dos Santos ◽  
Hyung Chul Yoon ◽  
Aldo Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Experimental Analyses

scholarly journals Integrated Ozonation-Enzymatic Hydrolysis Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse: Enhancement of Sugars Released to Expended Ozone Ratio

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Rafael Osuna-Laveaga ◽  
Octavio García-Depraect ◽  
Ramiro Vallejo-Rodríguez ◽  
Alberto López-López ◽  
Elizabeth León-Becerril
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Sugar Release ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ozonation Process

The combined effects of three key ozonation process parameters on the integrated ozonation-enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) were investigated, with emphasis on the relationship between sugar release and ozone consumption. A lab-scale fixed bed reactor was employed for ozonation at varying ozone doses (50, 75 and 100 mg O3/g SCB), particle sizes (420, 710 and 1000 µm) and moisture contents (30, 45 and 60% w/w) in multifactorial experiments, keeping a residence time of 30 min. The ozonated SCB showed a reduction in the content of acid-insoluble lignin from 26.6 down to 19.1% w/w, while those of cellulose and hemicellulose were retained above 45.5 and 13.6% w/w, with recoveries of 100–89.9 and 83.5–72.7%, respectively. Ozone-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis allowed attaining glucose and xylose yields as high as 45.0 and 37.8%, respectively. The sugars released/ozone expended ratio ranged between 2.3 and 5.7 g sugars/g O3, being the higher value achieved with an applied ozone input of 50 mg O3/g SCB and SCB with 420 µm particle size and 60% moisture. Such operating conditions led to efficient ozone utilization (<2% unreacted ozone) with a yield of 0.29 g sugars/g SCB. Overall, the amount of sugars released relative to the ozone consumed was improved, entailing an estimated cost of ozonation of USD 34.7/ton of SCB, which could enhance the profitability of the process.

An Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactor with a Porous Ceramic Carrier

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Kawase ◽  
Tadashi Nomura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Majima
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Highly Loaded

To date, a large number of studies on anaerobic fixed bed reactors have been reported, but there have been few studies on the application of this technology to thermophilic anaerobic treatment. One of the reasons for the small number of applications is the difficulty of attaching thermophilic anaerobic organisms to carriers. The study reported in this paper was conducted to examine the thermophilic treatment performance of an anaerobic fixed bed reactor containing a porous ceramic carrier (‘microbe immobilized ceramic', MIC) developed for the immobilization of anaerobic organisms. When boiled soybean wastewater (55,000 mg/l COD) was treated anaerobically at a high temperature (54°C) in a reactor where 31% of the volume was filled with the MIC carrier, it was found that highly loaded operation with up to 65 kg COD/m3/d was possible. The COD load per unit area of carrier surface under these operational conditions reached 0.397 kg COD/m3/d, and the performance of the reactor was excellent. Stable anaerobic treatment was achieved when the COD loading rate fluctuated from 26 to 51 kg COD/m3/d.

scholarly journals Solar-Driven Thermochemical Water-Splitting by Cerium Oxide: Determination of Operational Conditions in a Directly Irradiated Fixed Bed Reactor

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Arribas ◽  
José González-Aguilar ◽  
Manuel Romero
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Temperature Levels

Concentrated solar energy can be transformed into electricity, heat or even solar fuels, such as hydrogen, via thermochemical routes with high exergetic efficiency. In this work, a specific methodology and experimental setup are described, developed to assess the production of hydrogen by water splitting making use of commercial cerium oxide, ceria (CeO2), in a solarized reactor. A fixed bed reactor, directly irradiated by a 7 kWe high flux solar simulator (HFSS) was used. Released H2 and sample temperature levels were continuously monitored. Three tests were carried out consisting of three consecutive redox cycles each, with irradiances in the range of 1017–2034 kWm−2. It was necessary to achieve a compromise between sample temperatures (higher temperatures lead to higher reduction rates) and sample stability, since absorbed radiation can degrade a sample at lower temperature (1280–1480 °C) than in a conventional infrared oven (T > 2000 °C). Irradiating the surface of the sample with an irradiance of 2034 kWm−2 (270 W of total radiation power) during 9.5 min eventually degraded the sample, resulting in a conversion into stoichiometrically reduced oxide (Ce2O3) of 11%. A similar conversion was achieved (9.7%) after 2 min of irradiation at 270 W (100% of radiation), but without irreversibly damaging the sample.

Field application of a planted fixed bed reactor (PFR) for support media and rhizosphere investigation using undisturbed samples from full-scale constructed wetlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Barreto ◽  
G. R. Vasconcellos ◽  
M. von Sperling ◽  
P. Kuschk ◽  
U. Kappelmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Undisturbed Samples ◽  
Real Scale

This study presents a novel method for investigations on undisturbed samples from full-scale horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCW). The planted fixed bed reactor (PFR), developed at the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ), is a universal test unit for planted soil filters that reproduces the operational conditions of a constructed wetland (CW) system in laboratory scale. The present research proposes modifications on the PFR original configuration in order to allow its operation in field conditions. A mobile device to obtain undisturbed samples from real-scale HSSFCW was also developed. The experimental setting is presented with two possible operational configurations. The first allows the removal and replacement of undisturbed samples in the CW bed for laboratory investigations, guaranteeing sample integrity with a mobile device. The second allows the continuous operation of the PFR and undisturbed samples as a fraction of the support media, reproducing the same environmental conditions outside the real-scale system. Investigations on the hydrodynamics of the adapted PFR were carried out with saline tracer tests, validating the proposed adaptation. Six adapted PFR units were installed next to full-scale HSSFCW beds and fed with interstitial liquid pumped from two regions of planted and unplanted support media. Fourteen points were monitored along the system, covering carbon fractions, nitrogen and sulfate. The results indicate the method as a promising tool for investigations on CW support media, rhizosphere and open space for studies on CW modeling, respirometry, kinetic parameters, microbial communities, redox potential and plant influence on HSSFCW.

The Optimization of an Ammonia Synthesis Reactor Using Genetic Algorithm

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Sadeghi ◽  
Azam Kavianiboroujeni
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Quench Temperature

An industrial ammonia synthesis reactor was studied in order to optimize its operational conditions by means of increasing overall ammonia production. A heterogeneous, one-dimensional model and a two-dimensional rigorous model were utilized to evaluate the process behavior. The simulation results of the two models were compared with data from an industrial ammonia plant. The one-dimensional model was found to be adequate for optimization purposes. Applying the Genetic Algorithm (GA) as a powerful method for complex problems, the model was employed to optimize the reactor performance in varying its quench flows. The optimal temperature profile along the fixed bed reactor was studied by changing independent variables including the quench temperature and the quench flow rates. Optimization results show that the optimum quench temperature is about 615°K and that the optimum quench flows can enhance ammonia production rate by 3.3%.

scholarly journals Prediction of the fixed-bed reactor behavior for biotransformation with parallel enzyme deactivation using dispersion model: A case study on hydrogen peroxide decomposition by commercial catalase

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Grubecki ◽  
Katarzyna Kazimierska-Drobny
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Deactivation ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition

Abstract The problems of process costs and pollution of residual waters in the textile industry require increasing attention due to the new ecological regulations and also those resulting from an economic point of view. Hence, the behavior of non-isothermal fixed-bed reactor applied for hydrogen peroxide decomposition by immobilized Terminox Ultra catalase attached onto the outer surface of glass beads was studied to determine the operational conditions at which hydrogen peroxide decomposition is most effectively. A dispersion model for bioreactor applied in this work, and verified experimentally, took into account the coupled mass and heat balances as well as the rate equation for parallel enzyme deactivation. The effect of feed temperature, feed flow rate, feed hydrogen peroxide concentration, and diffusional resistances were analysed. In the calculations the global effectiveness factor based on the external mass-transfer model developed previously was employed to properly predict the real bioreactor behavior.

scholarly journals Encapsulated catalase from Serratia genus for H2O2 decomposition in food applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czyzewska ◽  
Anna Trusek
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
H2o2 Decomposition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immobilized Catalase ◽  
Food Applications

Abstract The recombinant catalase isolated from a psychrotolerant microorganism belonging to Serratia genus exhibits a high activity in a wide range of pH. Due to a great catalytic potential in operational conditions, it can be used in various industrial applications whereby it acts as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. To reduce the cost of biocatalyst the enzyme encapsulation into a hydrogel structure was proposed. The obtained results showed a high activity of encapsulated catalase in acidic conditions (pH in range 4.4 - 6.6) and at low temperatures (6-15°C). Moreover, immobilized catalase exhibited a high stability in natural media, especially in milk. Its activity during peroxide decomposition in milk, the possibility of re-using, as well as the fixed bed reactor performance confirmed wide application possibilities. High values of enzyme and substrate concentrations led to the beads burst due to rapid oxygen diffusion from the capsules, thus they are limited.

Chemical Kinetics Modeling on Bio-Oil Production from Pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse

2021 ◽  
Vol 1034 ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Dewi Selvia Fardhyanti ◽  
Megawati ◽  
Haniif Prasetiawan ◽  
Noniek Nabuasa ◽  
Mohammad Arik Ardianta
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Bio Oil

Biomass is a source of alternative energy that is environmentally friendly and very promising as one of the sources of renewable energy at present. The best candidate for the biomass waste for pyrolysis raw material is sugarcane bagasse. The sugarcane bagasse is a fibrous residue that is produced after crushing sugarcane for its extraction. Sugarcane bagasse is very potential to produce bio-oil through a pyrolysis process. The advantage of utilizing sugarcane bagasse is to reduce the amount of waste volume. Pyrolysis is a simple thermochemical conversion that transforms biomass with the near absence of absence of oxygen to produce fuel. Experiments were carried out on the fixed bed reactor. The analysis was carried out over a temperature range of 300-500 °C under atmospheric conditions. Products that are usually obtained from the pyrolysis process are bio-oil, char, and gas. Product analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis. This research is aimed to study the kinetics of the sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis process to produce bio-oil. Three different models were proposed for the kinetic study and it was found that model III gave the best prediction on the calculation of pyrolysis process. From the calculation results, kinetic parameters which include activation energy (Ea) and the k factor (A) at a temperature of 300 °C is 2.4730 kJ/mol and 0.000335 s-1, at a temperature of 400 °C is 3, 2718 kJ/mol and 0.000563 s-1, and at a temperature of 500 °C is 4.8942 kJ/mol and 0.0009 s-1.

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