Influence of a perpendicular liquid flow on a cleaning process using 20 kHz ultrasound: Characterization of the agitation at vicinity of the surface opposite to the transducer

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Mazue ◽  
Rémy Viennet ◽  
Jean-Yves Hihn ◽  
Dimitri Bonnet ◽  
Magali Barthes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Cleaning Process

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cleaning Processes Using Colorimetric and Spectral Data for the Removal of Layers of Limewash from Medieval Plasterwork

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7147
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-Domingo ◽  
Ana Isabel Calero Castillo ◽  
Eva Vivar García ◽  
Eva M. Valero
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation ◽  
Conservation Interventions

In the cultural heritage preservation of medieval buildings, it is common to find plaster walls covered in lime, which previously were painted in polychromy. The conservation interventions usually try to remove the whitewash, whilst maintaining the original color of the painted wall as much as possible. However, there is no agreement on which cleaning technique best preserves the original appearance of the colored plaster. Different pigments found below the lime layer may behave differently depending on the cleaning technique used. Usually, colorimetric or photometric area-based measurements are carried out to study the color of the cleaned areas to compare with their original color, obtained from pre-made plaster probes. However, this methodology fails when the mean color difference is not enough to fully characterize the changes in texture and color appearance. This study presents a set of experiments carried out using two different pigments (cinnabar and malachite) covered with lime, and treated with nine different cleaning techniques on plaster probes prepared according to medieval techniques. We have studied the effect of the cleaning process on the color and the homogeneity of the samples using a hyperspectral imaging workflow. Four different analysis methods are presented and discussed. Our results show that the proposed analysis is able to provide a much more comprehensive and diversified characterization of the quality of the cleaning method compared to the commonly used colorimetric or photometric area-based measurements.

scholarly journals Microscopic analysis and microstructural characterization of the organic and inorganic components of dairy fouling during the cleaning process

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 2117-2127
Author(s):  
Alfons Eduard Guerrero-Navarro ◽  
Abel Guillermo Ríos-Castillo ◽  
Carolina Ripolles-Avila ◽  
Xavier Felipe ◽  
José Juan Rodríguez-Jerez
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Inorganic Components

scholarly journals Characterization of liquid flow in the spinning cloth disc reactor: Residence time distribution, visual study and modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 356-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Feng ◽  
Darrell Alec Patterson ◽  
Murat Balaban ◽  
Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Visual Study

Characterization of in‐liquid plasma in a continuous liquid flow

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 3203-3203
Author(s):  
Hiromichi Toyota ◽  
Shinfuku Nomura ◽  
Shinobu Mukasa ◽  
Hiroshi Yamashita ◽  
Ayato Kawashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Flow

An Uncertainty Analysis of a NIST Hydrocarbon Liquid Flow Calibration Facility

Volume 1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Yeh ◽  
P. I. Espina ◽  
G. E. Mattingly ◽  
N. R. Briggs ◽  
Jesu´s Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Uncertainty Characterization ◽  
Hydrocarbon Liquid ◽  
Calibration Facility ◽  
Calibration Interval

This paper presents the uncertainty characterization of NIST’s new hydrocarbon liquid flow calibrator (HLFC). This facility uses a passive piston prover technique where fluid is driven by pumps while the measuring piston is passively stroked through the calibration interval. This facility is typically operated using MIL-C-7024C fluid (also known as Stoddard solvent – a surrogate liquid for JP-4 and JP-5 jet fuels), but using a variety of other fluids offers a wider range of measurements. The range of flows for this facility is 0.19 to 5.7 liters per minute – lpm (0.05 to 1.5 gallons per minute – gpm). Over this range, the expanded uncertainty claim for this facility is ±0.01%, at 95% confidence level. The uncertainty of a dual-turbine meter tested in the system is also reported. In addition, NIST is working to incorporate additional piston provers so that the flow for hydrocarbon liquids calibration service will reach 760 lpm (200 gpm).

Electrokinetic Liquid Flow Sensor

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Maxim Parashchenko ◽  
Nikolay Filippov ◽  
Viktor Kirienko ◽  
Sergey Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Flow Sensor ◽  
Electric Response ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Electrokinetic Effect ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
And Performance

This paper deals with fabrication and characterization of liquid flow sensor based on electrokinetic effect – streaming potential. The possibility of using silicon microchannel membrane as a sensing element of the sensor has been demonstrated. Electric response of the sensor has been determined by passing deionized water through the membrane. A linear dependence of the operating characteristic has been found. Sensitivity and performance of the electrokinetic device have been evaluated. The optimal design of the liquid flow sensor has been proposed

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