Materials Science and Technology. VonR. W. Cahn,P. Haasen undE. J. Kramer (herausgeber) Vol. 2A: Characterization of Materials, Part 1, Hrsg.E. Lifshin. VCH Verlagsges. mbH, Weinheim 1992. XV, 724 S., 516 Abb., 47 Tab., geb., DM 430,-

Essential to the characterization of materials using analytical electron microscopy (AEM) techniques is the specimen itself. Without suitable samples, detailed microstructural analysis is not possible. Ultramicrotomy, or diamond knife sectioning, is a well-known mechanical specimen preparation technique which has been gaining attention in the materials science area. Malis and co-workers and Glanvill have demonstrated the usefulness and applicability of this technique to the study of a wide variety of materials including Al alloys, composites, and semiconductors. Ultramicrotomed specimens have uniform thickness with relatively large electron-transparent areas which are suitable for AEM anaysis.Interface Analysis in Type 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel: STEM-EDS microanalysis of grain boundaries in austenitic stainless steels provides important information concerning the development of Cr-depleted zones which accompany M23C6 precipitation, and documentation of radiation induced segregation (RIS). Conventional methods of TEM sample preparation are suitable for the evaluation of thermally induced segregation, but neutron irradiated samples present a variety of problems in both the preparation and in the AEM analysis, in addition to the handling hazard.

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Physical Physics – Learning and Assessing Light Concepts in a novel way

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2017.589 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (63) ◽

pp. 3933-3938 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yvonne Kavanagh ◽

Damien Raftery

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Formal Education ◽

Materials Science ◽

First Year ◽

Traditional Lecture ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Education Environment ◽

Materials Science And Engineering ◽

Characterization Of Materials

ABSTRACTPhysics forms a core subject on any Materials Science and Engineering programme. In order to engage first year undergraduate students in the formal education environment, motivating the students is fundamental to ensuring their success. This qualitative study focuses on the use of technology to assess a student’s comprehension of fundamental light phenomena. A knowledge of light phenomena is essential in Materials Science, for the characterization of materials, where electromagnetic (EM) radiation is used as an analytical tool. Using visible light, students can easily see what is happening and when they have to capture digital evidence of the phenomena they focus on the event.Physical Physics a structured guided approach which initially leads the students through the theory and problem solving. It provides the knowledge scaffold the students require to allow them to use their individual creativity to express their understanding. In this case, understanding is captured and assessed by the production of a portfolio of original photographs of Light phenomena taken by the student.In addition to a traditional lecture exposition, Physical Physics takes an active learning approach with authentic assessment designed for deep learning. Students learn about relevant light phenomena in the familiar landscape of their world. The assessment provides opportunities for choice, creativity and reflection. It fosters students’ interest to encourage intrinsic motivation and engagement.This approach has been successfully piloted with first year undergraduate students. Samples of the students’ work is shown. The students interviewed reveal how this approach enhanced their understanding of these Light concepts and changed their perceptions of studying Physics in general.

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The emerging interface of mass spectrometry with materials

NPG Asia Materials ◽

10.1038/s41427-019-0149-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Papri Chakraborty ◽

Thalappil Pradeep

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Noble Metals ◽

Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽

Materials Science ◽

Modern Science ◽

Structural Details ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Characterization Of Materials

Abstract Mass spectrometry (MS), a hundred-year-old subject, has been a technique of profound importance to molecular science. Its impact in solid-state materials science has not been evident, although many materials of modern science, such as fullerenes, have their origins in MS. Of late, mass spectrometric interface with materials is increasingly strengthened with advances in atomically precise clusters of noble metals. Advances in instrumentation along with recent developments in synthetic approaches have expanded the chemistry of clusters, and new insights into matter at the nanoscale are emerging. High-resolution MS coupled with soft ionization techniques enable efficient characterization of atomically precise clusters. Apart from that, techniques such as ion mobility, tandem MS, etc. reveal structural details of these systems. Growth, nucleation, and reactivity of clusters are also probed by MS. Some of the recent advancements in this field include the development of new hyphenated techniques. Finer structural details may be obtained by coupling MS with spectroscopic tools, such as photoelectron spectroscopy, vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy, etc. With such advancements in instrumentation, MS can evolve into a universal tool for the characterization of materials. The present review captures highlights of this area.

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Nanoscale Characterization of Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽

10.1557/s0883769400033753 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 17-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Edward T. Yu ◽

Stephen J. Pennycook

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Materials Science ◽

Experimental Techniques ◽

Nanometer Scale ◽

Comprehensive Treatment ◽

Major Theme ◽

Wide Range ◽

Materials Research ◽

Characterization Of Materials

One of the dominant trends in current research in materials science and related fields is the fabrication, characterization, and application of materials and device structures whose characteristic feature sizes are at or near the nanometer scale. Achieving an understanding of—and ultimately control over—the properties and behavior of a wide range of materials at the nanometer scale has therefore become a major theme in materials research. As our ability to synthesize materials and fabricate structures in this size regime improves, effective characterization of materials at the nanometer scale will continue to increase in importance.Central to this activity are the development and application of effective experimental techniques for performing characterization of structural, electronic, magnetic, optical, and other properties of materials with nanometer-scale spatial resolution. Two classes of experimental methods have proven to be particularly effective: scanning-probe techniques and electron microscopy. In this issue of MRS Bulletin, we have included eight articles that illustrate the elucidation of various aspects of nanometer-scale material properties using advanced scanningprobe or electron-microscopy techniques. Because the range of both experimental techniques and applications is extremely broad—and rapidly increasing—our intent is to provide several examples rather than a comprehensive treatment of this extremely active and rapidly growing field of research.

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Photopyroelectric Calorimeter for Phase Transitions Monitoring: Application to Chocolate

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1242-s4-p17 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1242 ◽

Author(s):

E. I. Martínez-Ordoñez ◽

E. Marín ◽

J. A. I. Díaz-Góngora ◽

A. Calderón

Keyword(s):

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Phase Transitions ◽

Materials Science ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Characterization Of Materials ◽

Thermophysical Characterization ◽

Monitoring Application ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry Technique

ABSTRACTIn this work we report about the design and construction of a simple and cheap calorimeter for phase transitions monitoring using Peltier elements and based in the well known inverse (front) photopyroelectric method for thermophysical characterization of materials. We describe its application for the detection of phase transitions in chocolate samples, as an alternative, for example, to the most widely used and more expensive Differential Scanning Calorimetry technique. The manufacture of chocolate requires an understanding of the chemistry and the physical properties of the product. Thus the involved problems during the confection process are those of the so-called materials science. Among them, those related with tempering are of particular importance. Because the fats in cocoa butter experience the so-called polymorphous crystallization, the primary purpose of tempering is to assure that only the best form is present in the final product. One way to characterize this is by measurement of the temperature dependence of the thermal properties of the chocolate and the monitoring of the temperature at which phase transitions take place. We show that the photopyroelectric method, aided with Peltier cells temperature control, can be a useful choice for this purpose.

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