Odor-Free Lignin from Lignocellulose by Means of High Pressure Unit Operations: Process Design, Assessment and Validation

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wienke Reynolds ◽  
Victor Baudron ◽  
Christian Kirsch ◽  
Lisa M. Schmidt ◽  
Hannah Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Pressure Unit

Bioseparations Science and Engineering

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger G. Harrison ◽  
Paul W. Todd ◽  
Scott R. Rudge ◽  
Demetri P. Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Scientific Application ◽  
General Application ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Analysis Computer ◽  
Consistent Method

Designed for undergraduates, graduate students, and industry practitioners, Bioseparations Science and Engineering fills a critical need in the field of bioseparations. Current, comprehensive, and concise, it covers bioseparations unit operations in unprecedented depth. In each of the chapters, the authors use a consistent method of explaining unit operations, starting with a qualitative description noting the significance and general application of the unit operation. They then illustrate the scientific application of the operation, develop the required mathematical theory, and finally, describe the applications of the theory in engineering practice, with an emphasis on design and scaleup. Unique to this text is a chapter dedicated to bioseparations process design and economics, in which a process simular, SuperPro Designer® is used to analyze and evaluate the production of three important biological products. New to this second edition are updated discussions of moment analysis, computer simulation, membrane chromatography, and evaporation, among others, as well as revised problem sets. Unique features include basic information about bioproducts and engineering analysis and a chapter with bioseparations laboratory exercises. Bioseparations Science and Engineering is ideal for students and professionals working in or studying bioseparations, and is the premier text in the field.

scholarly journals Cavitation patterns in high-pressure homogenization nozzles with cylindrical orifices: Influence of mixing stream in Simultaneous Homogenization and Mixing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gall ◽  
E. Rütten ◽  
H. P. Karbstein
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Process Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Cavitation Intensity ◽  
Droplet Sizes

AbstractHigh-pressure homogenization is the state of the art to produce high-quality emulsions with droplet sizes in the submicron range. In simultaneous homogenization and mixing (SHM), an additional mixing stream is inserted into a modified homogenization nozzle in order to create synergies between the unit operation homogenization and mixing. In this work, the influence of the mixing stream on cavitation patterns after a cylindrical orifice is investigated. Shadow-graphic images of the cavitation patterns were taken using a high-speed camera and an optically accessible mixing chamber. Results show that adding the mixing stream can contribute to coalescence of cavitation bubbles. Choked cavitation was observed at higher cavitation numbers σ with increasing mixing stream. The influence of the mixing stream became more significant at a higher orifice to outlet ratio, where a hydraulic flip was also observed at higher σ. The decrease of cavitation intensity with increasing back-pressure was found to be identical with conventional high-pressure homogenization. In the future, the results can be taken into account in the SHM process design to improve the efficiency of droplet break-up by preventing cavitation or at least hydraulic flip.

The Stress Analysis of New Pressure Piping Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 1215-1220
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Cai Liu ◽  
Xue Li Wu ◽  
Xue Fei Qiao
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Theoretical Formula ◽  
Pressure Pipe ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Pressure Pipeline ◽  
New Type ◽  
Pressure Unit ◽  
Development Tendency

High-pressure becomes the high pressure unit design main consideration factor to compressive load capacity, security, efficiency, economic and manufacturing process of high-pressure equipment. This article proposes a new pressure piping according to the current high-voltage device development tendency and the future requirement. This new type of pressure pipe can be simplified for pipe casing model. Firstly we establish single, double and multilayer pressure piping model. We push out the multilayer pressure pipe stress formula according to stress situation of the analysis of the knowledge of mechanics of each model. We get this pressure piping withstand by the most intrinsic pressure enhance obviously under each layer within the radius of the cylinder reach the initial limitation of materials and other parameters of model are same through the comparison of the theoretical formula calculation with other general. Pressure pipeline calculated value. The multi-layer pressure piping system's circum radius are smaller than other piping with other pressure piping withstand the same most intrinsic pressure and the most interior radius are the same situation.

Electronically Controlled High Pressure Unit Injector System for Diesel Engines

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Lauvin ◽  
Alf Löffler ◽  
Alfred Schmitt ◽  
Werner Zimmermann ◽  
Walter Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Pressure Unit ◽  
Injector System ◽  
Unit Injector

A Quantified Risk-Based Design Assessment of a Localized ‘Pinch-Point’ on the Proposed Route of a High-Pressure Natural Gas Pipeline

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Francis ◽  
Chas Jandu ◽  
Marcus McCallum
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
State Function ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Design Assessment

Our Client was commissioned to construct an onshore high pressure gas pipeline. The pipeline was to be about 50km in length, 1066mm diameter, 15.88mm nominal wall thickness and constructed from X65 material. During the route selection phase it was discovered that it would be very difficult to avoid passing the pipeline through a locally highly populated area. In view of this it was naturally decided that the pipeline should be constructed from heavy wall sectioned pipe to mitigate the threat of failure due to causes including mechanical damage and corrosion. However, there was still a concern that the residual risk, even when the above mitigating measure had been taken, would still be unacceptably high. In view of this Andrew Francis & Associates Ltd (AFAA) were commissioned to assess the remaining risk levels using a quantified risk assessment technique in accordance with the UK pipeline design code, IGE/TD/1 Edition 4, which provides for the use of such techniques. The technique used by AFAA involved detailed Structural Reliability Analysis (SRA) combined with an assessment of the consequences of failure. AFAA began the study by identifying the possible failure modes and these included mechanical damage, external corrosion, fatigue crack growth and AC induced corrosion. However, discussions were held between AFAA and the Client and after giving due consideration to the benefits of modern construction standards, and the use of Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) coating, it was agreed that the only significant threat to integrity was mechanical damage. AFAA used SRA to determine the likelihood of failure due to mechanical damage based on a state-of-art-limit state function taking account of key areas of uncertainty including variations in defect dimensions and material properties. A consequence model was used to determine the possible effects on the local population if a rupture of the pipeline was to occur. The consequence model was used to determine the amount of thermal dose that personnel, in the vicinity of the release, might receive, taking account of the transient nature of the gas flow. The mitigating effects of nearby buildings that would afford shelter from the effects of the thermal radiation levels were naturally taken into account. The results were expressed in terms of an F/N curve and assessed against the risk criteria contained in IGE//TD/1. It was concluded from the analysis that the proposed design did not pose an unacceptable level of risk and moreover that part of the proposed heavy wall section was unnecessary. However, in the interests of conservatism our customer proceeded with the original design. This paper describes the modelling technique used by AFAA and clearly presents the results and conclusions of the analysis.

The Alloy Design and Thermomechanically Controlled Processing (TMCP) of Plate for High Pressure, Large Diameter Pipelines

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Isaac Garcia ◽  
K. Cho ◽  
Ming Jian Hua ◽  
Anthony J. DeArdo
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Alloy Design ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Controlled Processing

Modern, cost-effective pipelines are moving beyond the API X70-X80 limits of the 1990s. Over the last few years, more interest has been placed on the X100-120 grades because they are potentially more economical to build and operate. To reach the impressive properties required by these new grades, the proper combination of alloy and rolling process design must be implemented, along with highly controlled interrupted accelerated cooling and hot leveling. This paper discusses some of the underlying physical metallurgy that is required and points out areas where further research and development would be useful.

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