Tribology of Hard Disk Drives — Magnetic Data Storage Technology

ChemInform ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Castillo ◽  
Bharat Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Magnetic Data Storage ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Disk Drives ◽  
Storage Technology

Tunneling Magnetoresistive Heads for Magnetic Data Storage

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sining Mao
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Tunnel Junctions ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Magnetic Data Storage ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Magnetoresistive Heads

Spintronics is emerging to be a new form of nanotechnologies, which utilizes not only the charge but also spin degree of freedom of electrons. Spin-dependent tunneling transport is one of the many kinds of physical phenomena involving spintronics, which has already found industrial applications. In this paper, we first provide a brief review on the basic physics and materials for magnetic tunnel junctions, followed more importantly by a detailed coverage on the application of magnetic tunneling devices in magnetic data storage. The use of tunneling magnetoresistive reading heads has helped to maintain a fast growth of areal density, which is one of the key advantages of hard disk drives as compared to solid-state memories. This review is focused on the first commercial tunneling magnetoresistive heads in the industry at an areal density of 80 ∼ 100 Gbit/in2 for both laptop and desktop Seagate hard disk drive products using longitudinal media. The first generation tunneling magnetoresistive products utilized a bottom stack of tunnel junctions and an abutted hard bias design. The output signal amplitude of these heads was 3 times larger than that of comparable giant magnetoresistive devices, resulting in a 0.6 decade bit error rate gain over the latter. This has enabled high component and drive yields. Due to the improved thermal dissipation of vertical geometry, the tunneling magnetoresistive head runs cooler with a better lifetime performance, and has demonstrated similar electrical-static-discharge robustness as the giant magnetoresistive devices. It has also demonstrated equivalent or better process and wafer yields compared to the latter. The tunneling magnetoresistive heads are proven to be a mature and capable reader technology. Using the same head design in conjunction with perpendicular recording media, an areal density of 274 Gbit/in2 has been demonstrated, and advanced tunneling magnetoresistive heads can reach 311 Gbit/in2. Today, the tunneling magnetoresistive heads have become a mainstream technology for the hard disk industry and will still be a technology of choice for future hard disk products.

Magnetic Tape: The Challenge of Reaching Hard-Disk-Drive Data Densities on Flexible Media

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dee
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Magnetic Tape ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Disk Drives ◽  
Placement Problem ◽  
The Future

AbstractBy the end of 2006, the areal density of magnetic recording on tape will approach that seen in hard disk drives of the early to mid-1990s.These operating conditions are reviewed in relation to the operating conditions deemed necessary for the future of magnetic data storage on tape.What results is a clear set of tasks, encompassing both materials and systems architecture issues, to achieve very high-density data storage on magnetic tape, leading to 10 Tbyte tape cartridge capacities and higher.The key to achieving on tape the areal densities of tens to hundreds of Gbit in.2, common in hard disk drives (HDDs), lies primarily in the properties of the medium itself.As for volumetric density of the storage entity, HDDs and tape cartridges are roughly equivalent.The mechanical dimensional uncertainties that accompany the use of flexible, as opposed to rigid, media means that both the mechanical and magnetic properties of materials play a key role in the future of tape.The need for new architectures to overcome the track placement problem that results from increasing track density on flexible media are reviewed, as well as the “particles in a binder” concept that has served so well as the physical basis of tape media over the past 50 years.

NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR MEMORY AND DATA STORAGE

COSMOS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
T. TAHMASEBI ◽  
S. N. PIRAMANAYAGAM
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Disk Drives ◽  
Magnetic Recording Media ◽  
Access Memory ◽  
Magnetic Random Access Memory ◽  
The Core

Data storage is one area of technology where nanotechnology has been used even before the term nanotechnology became very popular. The magnetic recording media — the disk that stores information in hard disk drives — used nanotechnology in the late 1990s, in the form of grains which are 15 nm or less in diameter (the grains in current technology are about 8 nm in diameter). The reading sensors of hard disk also make use of thin nanostructures in several dimensions to read information from the recording media. This paper introduces the technology behind the magnetic random access memory and related topics, which form the core of the symposium L of ICMAT 2011, which is titled "Memory, Nanomagnetics, Materials and Devices".

Rupture and Reformation of Ultra-Thin Surface Films

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. F. Chong ◽  
Mircea Teodorescu ◽  
Homer Rahnejat
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Disk Drives ◽  
Film Rupture ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ultra Thin Film

In lubricated contact conjunctions film ruptures close to the exit boundary. This significantly affects the load carrying capacity and can lead to direct surface interactions. Nano-scale films (several molecular diameters of the lubricant) are no exception, a fact that has been observed using ellipsometry studies for ultra-thin film conjunctions representative for high storage capacity hard disk drives. Immediately beyond the film rupture an area of cavitation occurs and the continuity of flow condition is breached. It has been shown that for molecularly smooth surfaces solvation effect becomes dominant. This means that the contact exit is subject to discrete drainage of lubricant and may be devoid of a sufficient lubricant for film reformation to occur. This can be a stumbling block in an increasing quest to increase the data storage density of hard disk drives. Wear can become a problem as well as non-uniformity of free surface film at the inlet meniscus. It has been noted that peaks of lubricant can gather in some places, a phenomenon referred to as lubricant mogul. These localized piles of lubricant can exceed the nominally aimed for lubricant film thickness necessary for a given data storage level. This paper carries out an in-depth prediction of ultra thin film lubricant behavior through the contact. Hydrodynamic as well as near surface effects and intermolecular interactions responsible for the supply, formation, cavitation and reformation of thin films in the slider-disk conjunction have been considered.

Magnetic force microscopy applied in magnetic data storage technology

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Koblischka ◽  
B. Hewener ◽  
U. Hartmann ◽  
A. Wienss ◽  
B. Christoffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Magnetic Force Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Magnetic Data Storage ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Storage Technology

ChemInform Abstract: The Future of Magnetic Data Storage Technology

ChemInform ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (42) ◽  
pp. no-no ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Thompson ◽  
J. S. Best
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Magnetic Data Storage ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Ultrahigh-Density Recording Technologies

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Kryder
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Magnetic Recording ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Disk Drives ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Long Term Storage

Magnetic recording and optical recording are the major technologies used to provide long-term storage of information in today's computer systems. Magnetic recording has been used for data storage in computer systems for over 40 years, and the advances in technology that have occurred in that time frame are nothing short of phenomenal. One might expect that after 40 years of dominance, the rate of progress in magnetic recording would be slowing down and that other technologies would be moving in to replace it. However rather than slowing down its rate of progress, magnetic recording is now advancing at a faster rate than at any time in the past. Magnetic hard-disk drives represent the largest segment of the data-storage business, and the number of hard-disk drives sold is increasing at about 20% per year. Tape drives continue to enjoy a very substantial market and are also advancing at a rapid pace while flexible disk drives continue to appear in every personal computer sold and have recently increased capacity by nearly two orders of magnitude.Optical recording was introduced into the marketplace in 1989 and has secured a significant market. However thus far, optical recording has primarily found new market niches, rather than being directly competitive with magnetic recording. CD-ROMs are widely used for the distribution of prerecorded information—a business that is now comparable in size to the magnetic-tape-drive business. On the other hand, erasable, optical drives, which were first introduced in 1989, have not had nearly as much success and have much smaller markets than either magnetic hard drives or tape drives.

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