Regiospecificity in the Reaction of 2,3-Dichloronaphthazarins with Azide Anions. Synthesis of Echinamine A — A Metabolite Produced by the Sea Urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis.

ChemInform ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataly D. Pokhilo ◽  
Alla Ya. Yakubovskaya ◽  
Vladimir A. Denisenko ◽  
Victor Ph. Anufriev
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Scaphechinus Mirabilis

Regiospecificity in the reaction of 2,3-dichloronaphthazarins with azide anions. Synthesis of echinamine A—a metabolite produced by the sea urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1385-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataly D. Pokhilo ◽  
Alla Ya. Yakubovskaya ◽  
Vladimir A. Denisenko ◽  
Victor Ph. Anufriev
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Scaphechinus Mirabilis

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Pigment Echinochrome A from Sea Urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis

Marine Drugs ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 3560-3573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Lee ◽  
Julius Pronto ◽  
Bolor-Erdene Sarankhuu ◽  
Kyung Ko ◽  
Byoung Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Echinochrome A ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Scaphechinus Mirabilis

scholarly journals Short and Regiospecific Synthesis of Echinamine A – the Pigment of Sea Urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600
Author(s):  
Nikita S. Polonik ◽  
Viktor Ph. Anufriev ◽  
Sergey G. Polonik
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Natural Pigment ◽  
Scaphechinus Mirabilis

New convenient two-step synthesis of natural pigment echinamine A by the condensation of 2,3-dichloro-6-ethyl-7-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone with sodium nitrite and subsequent reduction of intermediate 7-ethyl-2,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinone has been developed.

ChemInform Abstract: Mirabiquinone (I), a New Unsymmetrical Binaphthoquinone from the Sea Urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis.

ChemInform ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Mishchenko ◽  
Elena A. Vasileva ◽  
Sergey A. Fedoreyev
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Scaphechinus Mirabilis

Selective accumulation of zircons and ilmenites in diverticula of the sea urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis (Agazzis, 1863)

2012 ◽  
Vol 446 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Elkin ◽  
S. O. Maksimov ◽  
P. P. Safronov ◽  
V. P. Zvereva ◽  
A. A. Artyukov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Scaphechinus Mirabilis ◽  
Selective Accumulation

Inversion of left–right asymmetry in the formation of the adult rudiment in sea urchin larvae: removal of a part of embryos at the gastrula stage

Zygote ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. S82-S83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Aihara ◽  
Shonan Amemiya
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Lateral Region ◽  
Scaphechinus Mirabilis ◽  
Adult Rudiment ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells ◽  
Pluteus Stage

At the late pluteus stage, sea urchin larvae form an adult rudiment left–right (LR) asymmetrically, on only the left side. Little is known about how the LR asymmetry of the adult rudiment is established in earlier stages during which the larval body is basically LR symmetric. To investigate how the different regions of the embryo function to establish LR asymmetry, we removed different regions at the gastrula stage and assessed the effects of the operation on the establishment of LR asymmetry of the adult rudiment.Surgery was performed on mid- to late-gastrula embryos of two indirect developing species: Scaphechinus mirabilis and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. The embryos were placed under a dissecting microscope (SMZ8, Leica) and ectodermal epithelium together with underlying mesenchyme cells was dissected out with a glass needle. The region along the midline of the embryo at the width of the archenteron was designated the ‘midline region’, and the region lateral to the ‘midline region’ was designated the ‘lateral region’. When the left and/or the right side was excised, the whole lateral region was precisely removed on the animal side, but the plane of incision deviated more laterally on the vegetal side to avoid the ventro-lateral cluster of primary mesenchyme cells, so that a part of the defined ‘lateral region’ was left on the vegetal side. The vertical excision was made by cutting mid-gastrula embryos vertically to the archenteron at a level just superior to the tip of the archenteron. In the sham operation, embryos were pressed with the needle as in the vertical excision, but the incision was stopped slightly before the animal and vegetal halves of the embryos were completely divided from each other. The operated embryos were examined through an optical microscope (Optiphoto, Nikon) to confirm that the excision was correct, and they were then cultured with a food supply (diatoms, Chaetoceros gracilis). The handedness of the adult rudiment was examined at the six-armed or eight-armed pluteus stage through an optical microscope (Table 1).

Competence of the animal cap to react with the inductive signal from micromere descendants in the hatching blastula stage of echinoid embryos

Zygote ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. S81-S81
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Ishizuka ◽  
Shonan Amemiya
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Scaphechinus Mirabilis ◽  
Glass Needle ◽  
Kanagawa Prefecture ◽  
Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate ◽  
Okayama Prefecture ◽  
Inductive Signal ◽  
Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus

Micromere signalling is a key to understanding the developmental mechanisms underlying endomesoderm differentiation along the A-V axis in sea urchin embryos. A recent study has shown that micromere activity in inducing endo-mesoderm differentiation of mesomere descendants is, unexpectedly, maximal at the hatching blastula (HB) stage in the echinoids Scaphechinus mirabilis and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. This study focused mainly on the timing of emission of the inductive signal by the micromere descendants. The timing of animal cap competent to react to the inductive signal from micromeres was not specifically investigated.In the present study, we examined the competence of mesomere descendants at the HB stage to react to the inductive signal of micromere descendants by producing recombinant embryos of the descendants of mesomeres and micromeres.Adults of the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis and the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus were collected along the shore of Shiraishi Island, Okayama Prefecture and in the vicinity of the Misaki Marine Biological Station, Kanagawa Prefecture, respectively. The fertilised eggs were separated into two groups immediately after removal of the fertilisation membranes. One group was cultured in normal artificial seawater (ASW), and the other in ASW containing 50 mg/ml of rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC). At the early 16-cell stage unlabelled embryos were transferred to calcium-free seawater (CFSW) and dissected in the equatorial plane with a glass needle to isolate animal caps consisting of eight mesomeres. Embryos labeled with RITC were also transferred to CFSW at the same stage and dissected to isolate four micromeres. An isolated animal cap and a quartet of micromeres were cultured separately in ASW and recombined at the stage corresponding to the HB of control (undisturbed) embryos.

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