Total Synthesis of Antigen Bacillus anthracis Tetrasaccharide — Creation of an Anthrax Vaccine Candidate.

ChemInform ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Werz ◽  
Peter H. Seeberger
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine

Effect of delayed anthrax vaccine dose on Bacillus anthracis protective antigen IgG response and lethal toxin neutralization activity

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (44) ◽  
pp. 5009-5014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip R. Pittman ◽  
Diana Fisher ◽  
Xiaofei Quinn ◽  
Trevor Schmader ◽  
Julio G. Barrera-Oro
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Lethal Toxin ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine

Efficacy of a human anthrax vaccine in guinea pigs, rabbits, and rhesus macaques against challenge by Bacillus anthracis isolates of diverse geographical origin

Vaccine ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 3241-3247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Fellows ◽  
M.K. Linscott ◽  
B.E. Ivins ◽  
M.L.M. Pitt ◽  
C.A. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine

scholarly journals Development of a multiple-antigen protein fusion vaccine candidate that confers protection against Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0007644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa B. Gallagher ◽  
Gabriela Mellado-Sanchez ◽  
Ana L. Jorgensen ◽  
Stephen Moore ◽  
James P. Nataro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Protein Fusion ◽  
Multiple Antigen ◽  
Antigen Protein

scholarly journals Developmental and reproductive safety evaluation of AV7909 anthrax vaccine candidate in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Eve Mylchreest ◽  
M. Autumn Smiley ◽  
Jeff D. Ballin ◽  
Bruna Blauth ◽  
Jeffry Shearer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine

scholarly journals Killed but Metabolically Active Bacillus anthracis Vaccines Induce Broad and Protective Immunity against Anthrax

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1649-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Skoble ◽  
John W. Beaber ◽  
Yi Gao ◽  
Julie A. Lovchik ◽  
Laurie E. Sower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Lethal Factor ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine ◽  
Edema Factor

ABSTRACTBacillus anthracisis the causative agent of anthrax. We have developed a novel whole-bacterial-cell anthrax vaccine utilizingB. anthracisthat is killed but metabolically active (KBMA). Vaccine strains that are asporogenic and nucleotide excision repair deficient were engineered by deleting thespoIIEanduvrABgenes, renderingB. anthracisextremely sensitive to photochemical inactivation with S-59 psoralen and UV light. We also introduced point mutations into thelefandcyagenes, which allowed inactive but immunogenic toxins to be produced. Photochemically inactivated vaccine strains maintained a high degree of metabolic activity and secreted protective antigen (PA), lethal factor, and edema factor. KBMAB. anthracisvaccines were avirulent in mice and induced less injection site inflammation than recombinant PA adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide gel. KBMAB. anthracis-vaccinated animals produced antibodies against numerous anthrax antigens, including high levels of anti-PA and toxin-neutralizing antibodies. Vaccination with KBMAB. anthracisfully protected mice against challenge with lethal doses of toxinogenic unencapsulated Sterne 7702 spores and rabbits against challenge with lethal pneumonic doses of fully virulent Ames strain spores. Guinea pigs vaccinated with KBMAB. anthraciswere partially protected against lethal Ames spore challenge, which was comparable to vaccination with the licensed vaccine anthrax vaccine adsorbed. These data demonstrate that KBMA anthrax vaccines are well tolerated and elicit potent protective immune responses. The use of KBMA vaccines may be broadly applicable to bacterial pathogens, especially those for which the correlates of protective immunity are unknown.

scholarly journals Biochemical and immunological characterization of anthrax spore vaccine in goat

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roy Roy ◽  
MM Rashid ◽  
MJ Ferdoush ◽  
M Dipti ◽  
MGA Chowdury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine ◽  
Sugar Fermentation ◽  
Anthrax Spore ◽  
Anthrax Infection ◽  
Fatal Course

Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis bacterium and an acute infectious febrile septicemic disease of all warm-blooded animals including human. It is a disease of major economic importance in ruminant specially in goat characterized principally by a rapid fatal course followed by sudden death. The present investigation was under taken to determine the biochemical characterization of anthrax spore vaccine bacteria and to determine the immunological response in goat after anthrax vaccination. Anthrax vaccine was collected from local government veterinary hospital, Mymensingh which was prepared by LRI.  The goats were selected from different regions of Bangladesh. The used methods were culture of vaccine bacterial sediment in different media, staining of bacteria with Gram’s stain, and sugar fermentation tests for biochemical characterization of anthrax vaccine bacteria. Slide agglutination test and indirect ELISA tests were performed for immunological response after vaccination. Morphologically anthrax vaccine bacteria was gram positive rod shaped or short chain in anthrax vaccine sediment, culture in nutrient agar and nutrient broth. The anthrax vaccine bacteria fermented three sugars (dextrose, maltose and sucrose) and produced only acid but did not ferment two sugars (lactose and mannitol). Immunuglobulin of collected serum (Day0, Day30 and Day90) also agglutinated anthrax antigen on Day 30 and Day 90 of post immunization and onwards. Indirect ELISA provided evidence that immunization of captive and free range goat generated level of anti anthrax 1gG antibody response at Day 0 (OD Value 0.5474±0.0466) of immunization and reached its peak at Day 30 (OD Value 0.9604±0.0936) and maintained that level up to the end of the study (Day 90, OD Value 1.217±0.1129). After vaccination, immunological response was found in goat. However whether this immune response can protect natural anthrax infection need to be evaluated through challenge dose of fields isolates of Bacillus anthracis in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19140Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013).11(2): 151-157

scholarly journals Mucosal Immunization with a Novel Nanoemulsion-Based Recombinant Anthrax Protective Antigen Vaccine Protects against Bacillus anthracis Spore Challenge

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 4020-4029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna U. Bielinska ◽  
Katarzyna W. Janczak ◽  
Jeffrey J. Landers ◽  
Paul Makidon ◽  
Laurie E. Sower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Antigen Vaccine ◽  
Ames Strain

ABSTRACT The currently available commercial human anthrax vaccine requires multiple injections for efficacy and has side effects due to its alum adjuvant. These factors limit its utility when immunizing exposed populations in emergent situations. We evaluated a novel mucosal adjuvant that consists of a nontoxic, water-in-oil nanoemulsion (NE). This material does not contain a proinflammatory component but penetrates mucosal surfaces to load antigens into dendritic cells. Mice and guinea pigs were intranasally immunized with recombinant Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (rPA) mixed in NE as an adjuvant. rPA-NE immunization was effective in inducing both serum anti-PA immunoglobulin G (IgG) and bronchial anti-PA IgA and IgG antibodies after either one or two mucosal administrations. Serum anti-PA IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies and PA-specific cytokine induction after immunization indicate a Th1-polarized immune response. rPA-NE immunization also produced high titers of lethal-toxin-neutralizing serum antibodies in both mice and guinea pigs. Guinea pigs nasally immunized with rPA-NE vaccine were protected against an intradermal challenge with ∼1,000 times the 50% lethal dose (∼1,000× LD50) of B. anthracis Ames strain spores (1.38 × 103 spores), which killed control animals within 96 h. Nasal immunization also resulted in 70% and 40% survival rates against intranasal challenge with 10× LD50 and 100× LD50 (1.2 × 106 and 1.2 × 107) Ames strain spores. Our results indicate that NE can effectively adjuvant rPA for intranasal immunization. This potentially could lead to a needle-free anthrax vaccine requiring fewer doses and having fewer side effects than the currently available human vaccine.

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