Facile Ring-Expansion Substitution Reactions of 1,3-Dithiolanes and 1,3-Dithianes Initiated by Electrophilic Reagents to Produce Monohalo-, -cyano-, -azido- and -thiocyanato-1,4-dithiins and -1,4-dithiepins.

ChemInform ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Firouzabadi ◽  
Nasser Iranpoor ◽  
Atefeh Garzan ◽  
Hamid Reza Shaterian ◽  
Farzaneh Ebrahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Electrophilic Reagents

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF 2- (2I – ACYLOXY-ETHOXY) ETHYL CHLORIDE AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH AMIDES AND ALKALI METAL RHODANIDES

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 996-1009
Author(s):  
R. N. ZHANALIYEVA ◽  
B. B. TORSYKBAYEVA ◽  
M. O. ALTYNBEKOVA ◽  
B. S. IMANGALIYEVA ◽  
A. Zh. NAZAROVA
Keyword(s):  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Chlorine Atom ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Reaction Centers ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Electrophilic Reagents ◽  
Carbonic Acids ◽  
Acyloxy Group

This work is aimed at studying the reaction of nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom in 2-(2'-acyloxy-ethoxy) ethylchlorides with amines and a rhodanide ion and developing methods of synthesizing a 2-(2'-acyloxy-ethoxy) ethylchlorides, rhodanides, and their derivatives previously unknown in specialized literature. In the chlorohydrin molecule of diethylene glycol, there are two reaction centers that allow carrying out nucleophilic substitution reactions, as well as reactions that promote them with electrophilic reagents. The authors carried out several experiments for acylating diethylene glycol chlorohydrine with carbonic acids, reactions of nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom in 2-(2'-acyloxy-ethoxy) ethylchlorides with various amines as well as synthesized the chloracetoxyethyl ether of rhodane acetic acid. While studying the nucleophilic substitution of 2-(2'-acyloxy-ethoxy) ethylchlorides with the rhodanide ion, it was discovered that only the chlorine atom was replaced. The possibility of the nucleophilic substitution of the ethylene chlorohydrine was shown by the example of N-methyl and N-ethylanilines. It was discovered that the hydroxyl group of diethylene glycol could react with carbonic acids in the presences of catalysts and, therefore, encourage esterification. It has been found out that the nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom in 2-(2'-acyloxy-ethoxy) ethylchlorides with the rhodanide ion goes smoothly in the presence of potassium iodide acting as an activator and that the acyloxy group is unaffected. It has been discovered that the primary role in the nucleophilic substitution of alcoxyalkylhalides is played by the basicity of amines and the essence and position of substituents relative to the alcoxyl group of the haloid atom.

scholarly journals Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of new ensembles of diversely functionalized 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl selenides by a double rearrangement reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V Amosova ◽  
Andrey A Filippov ◽  
Nataliya A Makhaeva ◽  
Alexander I Albanov ◽  
Vladimir A Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Nucleophilic Addition ◽  
Stereoselective Synthesis ◽  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Nucleophilic Attack ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Ring Contraction ◽  
Rearrangement Reaction ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Alkyl Propiolates

The reaction of 2-(bromomethyl)-1,3-thiaselenole with potassium selenocyanate proceeded via a rearrangement with ring expansion, leading to a six-membered 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiaselenin-2-yl selenocyanate (kinetic product) which in turn underwent rearrangement with ring contraction to a 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl selenocyanate (thermodynamic product). These rearrangements occurred by a nucleophilic attack of the selenocyanate anion at two different carbon atoms of the seleniranium intermediate. The efficient regioselective synthesis of alkyl, allyl, 2-propynyl, benzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, and 2-pyridinylmethyl 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl selenides was developed based on the generation of sodium 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethylselenolate from 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl selenocyanate or bis(1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl) diselenide followed by nucleophilic substitution reactions. Sodium 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethylselenolate underwent nucleophilic addition to alkyl propiolates in a regio- and stereoselective manner affording 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl vinyl selenides in high yields predominantly with Z-configuration. Not a single representative of the 1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl selenide scaffold has been previously described in the literature.

N,N-Dialkyl-N′-Chlorosulfonyl Chloroformamidines in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part XI. Some Substitution Reactions of Pyrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4,6]thiatriazine 1,1-Dioxides

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Norman ◽  
Michael V. Perkins ◽  
Andris J. Liepa ◽  
Craig L. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Pyrazole Ring ◽  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Heterocyclic Synthesis ◽  
Substitution Reactions

The recently discovered pyrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4,6]thiatriazine template was shown to possess four nucleophilic sites (N2, N4, C5, N7) that underwent a range of substitution reactions. Methylation occurred at both N4 and N7. Alkylation with benzylic halides occurred preferentially at N7, regardless of the solvent, but also occurred at C5, N4, and N2. Similar alkylation with α-halo esters occurred at both N4 and N7, but the latter derivatives underwent a novel pyrazole ring expansion to afford pyrimido[1,6-b][1,2,4,6]thiatriazine derivatives. Bromination of pyrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4,6]thiatriazines afforded unstable 5-bromo derivatives. Tosylation occurred selectively at C5, but in modest yield; catalysis with 1-methylimidazole also led to a low yield of the 5,5′-dimer. The action of HCl on N7-benzylated pyrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4,6]thiatriazines readily caused extrusion of sulfur dioxide to produce pyrazolo-guanidines.

Synthesis, Structure and Reactivities of Pentacoordinated Phosphorus–Boron Bonded Compounds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan O'Brien ◽  
Naokazu Kano ◽  
Nizam Havare ◽  
Ryohei Uematsu ◽  
Romain Ramozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Bicyclic Compound ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Ligand System ◽  
Large Bulk ◽  
Rearrangement Reaction ◽  
Hydride Abstraction ◽  
Pentacoordinated Phosphorus ◽  
Acids And Bases

<div>The isolation and reactivities of two pentacoordinated phosphorus–tetracoordinated boron bonded compounds were</div><div>explored. A strong Lewis acidic boron reagent and electron-withdrawing ligand system were required to form the</div><div>pentacoordinated phosphorus state of the P–B bond. The first compound, a phosphoranyl-trihydroborate, gave a THF</div><div>stabilised phosphoranyl-borane intermediate upon a single hydride abstraction in THF. This compound could undergo a</div><div>unique rearrangement reaction, that involved a two-fold ring expansion, to give an unusual fused bicyclic compound or it</div><div>could act as a mono-hydroboration reagent. The hydroboration reactivity of the intermediate was found to be more reactive</div><div>towards alkynes over alkenes with good to moderate regioselectivity towards the terminal carbon. The second compound,</div><div>a phosphoranyl-triarylborate, was found to have a vastly different reactivity to the trihydroborate as it was highly stable</div><div>towards acids and bases. This is thought to be due to the large bulk around the P–B bond as shown in the crystal structure</div>

Spatiotemporal Control of Amide Radicals During Photocatalysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Mori ◽  
Takahiro Aoki ◽  
Kaliyamoorthy Selvam ◽  
Shunichi Fukuzumi ◽  
Jieun Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Nickel Complex ◽  
Nickel Complexes ◽  
Semiconductor Material ◽  
Radical Reactions ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Spatiotemporal Control ◽  
Scalable Production ◽  
Salt Waste

Despite the continuing popularity of radical reactions in organic synthesis, much remains to be explored in this area. Herein, we describe how spatiotemporal control can be exerted over the formation and reactivity of divergent exchangeable formamide radicals using nickel complexes with a semiconductor material (TiO<sub>2</sub>) under irradiation from near-UV–Vis light. Depending on the bipyridine ligand used and the quantity of the nickel complex that is hybridized on or nonhydridized over the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface, these radicals selectively undergo substitution reactions at the carbon center of carbon–bromine bonds that proceed via three different pathways. As the scalable production of formamides from CO<sub>2</sub> does not produce salt waste, these methods could add a new dimension to the search for carbon neutrality through the indirect incorporation of CO<sub>2</sub> into organic frameworks.

Tele-Substitution Reactions in the Synthesis of a Promising Class of Antimalarials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat Korsik ◽  
Edwin Tse ◽  
David Smith ◽  
William Lewis ◽  
Peter J. Rutledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Laboratory Notebook ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nmr Data

<p></p><p>We have discovered and studied a <i>tele</i>substitution reaction in a biologically important heterocyclic ring system. Conditions that favour the <i>tele</i>-substitution pathway were identified: the use of increased equivalents of the nucleophile or decreased equivalents of base, or the use of softer nucleophiles, less polar solvents and larger halogens on the electrophile. Using results from X-ray crystallography and isotope labelling experiments a mechanism for this unusual transformation is proposed. We focused on this triazolopyrazine as it is the core structure of the <i>in vivo </i>active anti-plasmodium compounds of Series 4 of the Open Source Malaria consortium.</p> <p> </p> <p>Archive of the electronic laboratory notebook with the description of all conducted experiments and raw NMR data could be accessed via following link <a href="https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/21890">https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/21890</a> . For navigation between entries of laboratory notebook please use file "Strings for compounds in the article.pdf" that works as a reference between article codes and notebook codes, also this file contain SMILES for these compounds. </p><br><p></p>

Concise Synthesis of GB22 by Endo-Selective Siloxycyclopropane Arylation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Burdge ◽  
Takuya Oguma ◽  
Takahiro Kawajiri ◽  
Ryan Shenvi
Keyword(s):  
Intramolecular Cyclization ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Dual Catalysis ◽  
Acid Labile

<div><div><div><p>The first synthesis of GB22 was accomplished by a con- cise, modular route. Two building blocks converged in a novel sp3-sp2 attached-ring coupling that used Ir/Ni dual-catalysis to reverse the regioselectivity of siloxycy- clopropane arylation. This cross-coupling proved general to access β-substituted tetralones via ring-expansion of indanone-derived siloxycyclopropanes. The congested, bridging rings of the GB alkaloids were completed using an aluminum-HFIP complex that effected intramolecular cyclization of an acid-labile substrate.</p></div></div></div>

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