Improved Syntheses of the Naturally Occurring Glycosidase Inhibitor Salacinol.

ChemInform ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghavami ◽  
Kashinath S. Sadalapure ◽  
Blair D. Johnston ◽  
Mercedes Lobera ◽  
Barry B. Snider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Glycosidase Inhibitor

Synthesis of Selenium Analogues of the Naturally Occurring Glycosidase Inhibitor Salacinol and Their Evaluation as Glycosidase Inhibitors†

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (28) ◽  
pp. 8245-8250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair D. Johnston ◽  
Ahmad Ghavami ◽  
Morten T. Jensen ◽  
Birte Svensson ◽  
B. Mario Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Glycosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Glycosidase Inhibitor

Improved Syntheses of the Naturally Occurring Glycosidase Inhibitor Salacinol

Synlett ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pinto ◽  
Ahmad Ghavami ◽  
Kashinath Sadalapure ◽  
Blair Johnston ◽  
Mercedes Lobera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Glycosidase Inhibitor

Synthesis of zwitterionic selenonium and sulfonium sulfates from D-mannose as potential glycosidase inhibitors

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
B Mario Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Membered Ring ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Glycosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Glycosidase Inhibitor ◽  
Ring Core

Four chain-extended analogues of the naturally occurring glycosidase inhibitor salacinol were synthesized for structure–activity studies with different glycosidase enzymes. The syntheses involved the reaction of isopropylidene-protected 1,4-thio- and 1,4-seleno-D-talitols and 1,5-thio- and 1,5-seleno-L-gulitols, derived from D-mannose, with a benzylidene- and isopropylidene-protected 1,3-cyclic sulfate, also derived from D-mannose. Deprotection of the products afforded the novel selenonium and sulfonium sulfates composed of heterocyclic five- and six-membered ring core structures with pendant polyhydroxylated, acyclic chains of six carbon atoms.Key words: glycosidase inhibitors, zwitterionic selenonium and sulfonium sulfates, cyclic sulfate

Synthesis of 1,4-anhydro-D-xylitol heteroanalogues of the naturally occurring glycosidase inhibitor salacinol and their evaluation as glycosidase inhibitors

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghavami ◽  
Blair D Johnston ◽  
Matthew D Maddess ◽  
Sarah M Chinapoo ◽  
Morten T Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Nucleophilic Attack ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Glycosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Glycosidase Inhibitor ◽  
Salacia Reticulata

The syntheses of two 1,4-anhydro-D-xylitol heteroanalogues (8 and 9) of the naturally occurring sulfonium ion, salacinol (3), containing a sulfur or nitrogen atom in the ring are described. Salacinol (3) is one of the active principles in the aqueous extracts of Salacia reticulata that are traditionally used in Sri Lanka and India for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. The synthetic strategy relies on the nucleophilic attack of sulfur or nitrogen analogues of 1,4-anhydro-D-xylitol at the least-hindered carbon of 2,4-O-benzylidene-L-erythritol-1,3-cyclic sulfate. The sulfonium ion 8 inhibited barley-α-amylase (AMY1) and porcine pancreatic-α-amylase (PPA), with Ki values of 109 ± 11 and 55 ± 5 µM, respectively. In contrast, the ammonium ion 9 showed no significant inhibition of either AMY1 or PPA. Compounds 8 and 9 also showed no significant inhibition of glucoamylase.Key Words: glycosidase inhibitors, salacinol analogues, anhydro-D-xylitol heteroanalogues, enzyme inhibition.

Pathology of Bone Cells in Pigs with Experimental Turbinate Osteoporosis (Atrophic Rhinitis)

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
A. W. Fetter ◽  
C. C. Capen
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Osteocytic Osteolysis ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

Atrophic rhinitis in swine is a disease of uncertain etiology in which infectious agents, hereditary predisposition, and metabolic disturbances have been reported to be of primary etiologic importance. It shares many similarities, both clinically and pathologically, with ozena in man. The disease is characterized by deformity and reduction in volume of the nasal turbinates. The fundamental cause for the localized lesion of bone in the nasal turbinates has not been established. Reduced osteogenesis, increased resorption related to inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, and excessive resorption due to osteocytic osteolysis stimulated by hyperparathyroidism have been suggested as possible pathogenetic mechanisms.The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate ultrastructurally bone cells in the nasal turbinates of pigs with experimentally induced atrophic rhinitis, and to compare these findings to those in control pigs of the same age and pigs with the naturally occurring disease, in order to define the fundamental lesion responsible for the progressive reduction in volume of the osseous core.

High Resolution Replication of Organoclay Surfaces

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
W. W. Barker ◽  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
W. J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Silicate Layers ◽  
Mineral Identification

Experimental clay mineral-organic molecule complexes long have been known and some of them have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction methods. The organic molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay minerals, or intercalated between the silicate layers. Natural organo-clays also are widely recognized but generally have not been well characterized. Widely used techniques for clay mineral identification involve treatment of the sample with H2 O2 or other oxidant to destroy any associated organics. This generally simplifies and intensifies the XRD pattern of the clay residue, but helps little with the characterization of the original organoclay. Adequate techniques for the direct observation of synthetic and naturally occurring organoclays are yet to be developed.

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