ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. 39. SINGLET-PHOTOSENSITIZED RING-SPLITTING AND ISOMERIZATION REACTIONS OF 1,2-DIPHENYLCYCLOBUTANE BY AROMATIC NITRILES. A POSSIBLE PROBE FOR RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN REACTIVITIES AND ELECTRO

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. PAC ◽  
T. FUKUNAGA ◽  
T. OHTSUKI ◽  
H. SAKURAI
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Aromatic Nitriles

Reductive Dehalogenation of Environmental Contaminants: A Critical Review

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Reductive Dechlorination ◽  
Halogen Atom ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenation ◽  
Iron Porphyrins ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds

Abstract It is generally recognized that reductive processes are more important than oxidative ones in transforming, degrading and mineralizing many environmental contaminants. One process of particular importance is reductive dehalogenation, i.e., the replacement of a halogen atom (most commonly a chlorine atom) by a hydrogen atom. A number of different mechanisms are involved in these reactions. Photochemical reactions probably play a role in some instances. Aliphatic compounds such as chloroethanes, partly aliphatic compounds such as DDT, and alicyclic compounds such as hexachlorocyclohexane are readily dechlorinated in the laboratory by reaction with reduced iron porphyrins such as hematin. Many of these are also dechlorinated by cultures of certain microorganisms, probably by the same mechanism. Such compounds, with a few exceptions, have been found to undergo reductive dechlorination in the environment. Aromatic compounds such as halobenzenes, halophenols and halobenzoic acids appear not to react with reduced iron porphyrins. Some of these however undergo reductive dechlorination both in the environment and in the laboratory. The reaction is generally associated with methanogenic bacteria. There is evidence for the existence of a number of different dechlorinating enzymes specific for different isomers. Recently it has been found that many components of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), long considered to be virtually totally resistant to environmental degradation, may be reductively dechlorinated both in the laboratory and in nature. These findings suggest that many environmental contaminants may prove to be less persistent than was previously feared.

scholarly journals Organic Photochemical Reactions. XXXI. Photosensitized Ring-Cleavage Reactions of 2,2-Diaryloxetanes by Aromatic Nitriles

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Nakabayashi ◽  
Jun-ichi Kojima ◽  
Kimiko Tanabe ◽  
Masahide Yasuda ◽  
Kensuke Shima
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Aromatic Nitriles ◽  
Cleavage Reactions
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