ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE METHOD FOR OBTAINING X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA OF SPECIES IN LIQUID SOLUTION

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. AVANZINO ◽  
W. L. JOLLY
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Ethanol-Quenching Introduced Oxygen Vacancies in Strontium Titanate Surface and the Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Shihao Chen ◽  
Yinhai Wang ◽  
Zhengfa Hu ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Localized States ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray

Modification of the surface properties of SrTiO3 crystals by regulating the reaction environment in order to improve the photocatalytic activity has been widely studied. However, the development of a facile, effective, and universal method to improve the photocatalytic activity of these crystals remains an enormous challenge. We have developed a simple method to modify the surface environment of SrTiO3 by ethanol quenching, which results in enhanced UV, visible and infrared light absorption and photocatalytic performance. The SrTiO3 nanocrystals were preheated to 800 °C and immediately quenched by submersion in ethanol. X-ray diffraction patterns, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated that upon rapid ethanol quenching, the interaction between hot SrTiO3 and ethanol led to the introduction of a high concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the SrTiO3 lattice. Consequently, to maintain the regional charge balance of SrTiO3, Sr2+ could be substituted for Ti4+. Moreover, oxygen vacancies induced localized states into the band gap of the modified SrTiO3 and acted as photoinduced charge traps, thus promoting the photocatalytic activity. The improved photocatalytic performance of the modified SrTiO3 was demonstrated by using it for the decomposition of rhodamine B and production of H2 from water under visible or solar light.

Drilling and plombage (core decompression) of a femoral head avascular necrosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chládek ◽  
V. Havlas ◽  
T. Trc
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Core Decompression ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Femoral Head ◽  
Press Fit ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Late Stages

SummaryThe treatment of femoral head necrosis of adults is still rather problematic. Conservative treatment has been reported relatively unsuccessful and surgical treatment does not show convincing results either. The most effective seems to be a surgical treatment in early stages of the disease, however, the diagnosis still remains relatively complicated. For the late stages (2B and above) the most effective treatment option is represented by core decompression and vascular grafting. However, drilling and plombage (especially when using press-fit technique) seems to be successful, although not excellent. The authors describe their own method of drilling and plombage of the necrotic zone of the femoral head in 41 patients with X-ray detected necrotic changes of the femoral head. The pain measured by VAS was seen to decrease after surgery in all patients significantly. The Jacobs score was also observed to have increased (from fair to good outcome). We have not observed any large femoral head collapse after surgery, moreover, in some cases an improvement of the round shape of the femoral head was seen. It is important to mention that in all cases femoral heads with existing necrotic changes (flattening or collapse) were treated. Although the clinical improvement after surgery was not significantly high, the method we describe is a safe and simple method of diminishing pain in attempt to prepare the femoral head for further treatment in a future, without significant restriction of the indication due to necrosis (osteochondroplasty, resurfacing, THR).

scholarly journals Modification of Wood with Monoethanolamino-borate by The Data of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Irina Stepina ◽  
Irina Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Wood Cellulose ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Cellulose Materials

The difficulty of wood protection from biocorrosion and fire is due to the fact that modifiers in use are washed out from the surface of the substrate under the influence of environmental factors. This results in a rapid loss of the protective effect and other practically important wood characteristics caused by the modification. To solve this problem is the aim of our work. Here, monoethanolaminoborate is used as a modifier, where electron-donating nitrogen atom provides a coordination number equal to four to a boron atom, which determines the hydrolytic stability of the compounds formed. Alpha-cellulose ground mechanically to a particle size of 1 mm at most was used as a model compound for the modification. X-ray photoelectron spectra were recorded on the XSAM-800 spectrometer (Kratos, UK). Prolonged extraction of the modified samples preceded the registration of the photoelectron spectra to exclude the fixation of the modifier molecules unreacted with cellulose. As a result of the experiment, boron and nitrogen atoms were found in the modified substrate, which indicated the hydrolytic stability of the bonds formed between the modifier molecules and the substrate. Therefore monoethanolaminoborate can be considered as a non-extractable modifier for wood-cellulose materials.

scholarly journals Impact of high temperatures on aluminoceladonite studied by Mössbauer, Raman, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Kądziołka-Gaweł ◽  
Maria Czaja ◽  
Mateusz Dulski ◽  
Tomasz Krzykawski ◽  
Magdalena Szubka
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Integral Intensity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Integral Intensity Ratio ◽  
Higher Temperature

AbstractMössbauer, Raman, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were used to examine the effects of temperature on the structure of two aluminoceladonite samples. The process of oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ ions started at about 350 °C for the sample richer in Al and at 300 °C for the sample somewhat lower Al-content. Mössbauer results show that this process may be associated with dehydroxylation or even initiate it. The first stage of dehydroxylation takes place at a temperature > 350 °C when the adjacent OH groups are replaced with a single residual oxygen atom. Up to ~500 °C, Fe ions do not migrate from cis-octahedra to trans-octahedra sites, but the coordination number of polyhedra changes from six to five. This temperature can be treated as the second stage of dehydroxylation. The temperature dependence on the integral intensity ratio between bands centered at ~590 and 705 cm−1 (I590/I705) clearly reflects the temperature at which six-coordinated polyhedra are transformed into five-coordinated polyhedra. X-ray photoelectron spectra obtained in the region of the Si2p, Al2p, Fe2p, K2p and O1s core levels, highlighted a route to identify the position of Si, Al, K and Fe cations in a structure of layered silicates with temperature. All the measurements show that the sample with a higher aluminum content and a lower iron content in octahedral sites starts to undergo a structural reorganization at a relatively higher temperature than the less aluminum-rich sample does. This suggests that iron may perform an important role in the initiation of the dehydroxylation of aluminoceladonites.

scholarly journals Upconversion Spectral Rulers for Transcutaneous Displacement Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Suckey ◽  
Donald W. Benza ◽  
John D. DesJardins ◽  
Jeffrey N. Anker
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Low Background ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optical Displacement ◽  
Spectral Peaks ◽  
Displacement Measurements ◽  
Minimal Intensity

We describe a method to measure micron to millimeter displacement through tissue using an upconversion spectral ruler. Measuring stiffness (displacement under load) in muscles, bones, ligaments, and tendons is important for studying and monitoring healing of injuries. Optical displacement measurements are useful because they are sensitive and noninvasive. Optical measurements through tissue must use spectral rather than imaging approaches because optical scattering in the tissue blurs the image with a point spread function typically around the depth of the tissue. Additionally, the optical measurement should have low background and minimal intensity dependence. Previously, we demonstrated a spectral encoder using either X-ray luminescence or fluorescence, but the X-ray luminescence required an expensive X-ray source and used ionizing radiation, while the fluorescence sensor suffered from interference from autofluorescence. Here, we used upconversion, which can be provided with a simple fiber-coupled spectrometer with essentially autofluorescence-free signals. The upconversion phosphors provide a low background signal, and the use of closely spaced spectral peaks minimizes spectral distortion from the tissue. The small displacement noise level (precision) through tissue was 2 µm when using a microscope-coupled spectrometer to collect light. We also showed proof of principle for measuring strain on a tendon mimic. The approach provides a simple method to study biomechanics using implantable sensors.

scholarly journals Irregular Electrodeposition of Cu-Sn Alloy Coatings in [EMIM]Cl Outside the Glove Box with Large Layer Thickness

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Lars Lehmann ◽  
Dominik Höhlich ◽  
Thomas Mehner ◽  
Thomas Lampke
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Argon Stream ◽  
Ionic Liquid Solution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Layer Composition

Thick Cu−Sn alloy layers were produced in an [EMIM]Cl ionic-liquid solution from CuCl2 and SnCl2 in different ratios. All work, including the electrodeposition, took place outside the glovebox with a continuous argon stream over the electrolyte at 95 °C. The layer composition and layer thickness can be adjusted by the variation of the metal-salts content in the electrolyte. A layer with a thickness of up to 15 µm and a copper content of up to ωCu = 0.86 was obtained. The phase composition was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Furthermore, it was found that the relationship between the alloy composition and the concentration of the ions in the electrolyte is described as an irregular alloy system as according to Brenner. Brenner described such systems only for aqueous electrolytes containing complexing agents such as cyanide. In this work, it was confirmed that irregular alloy depositions also occur in [EMIM]Cl.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kooti ◽  
A. Naghdi Sedeh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Average Size

A new and simple method was applied for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm. In this microwave-assisted combustion method, glycine as a fuel and zinc nitrate as precursor were used. The final product was obtained very fast with high yield and purity. The synthesized nanoscale ZnO was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The size and morphology of the ZnO nanoparticles have been determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. This is a simple and fast method for the preparation of ZnO nanoparticles with no need for expensive materials or complicated treatments.

K-shell X-ray intensity ratios and vacancy transfer probabilities of Pt, Au, and Pb by a simple method

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. M. Anand ◽  
S. B. Gudennavar ◽  
S. G. Bubbly ◽  
B. R. Kerur
Keyword(s):  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intensity Ratios
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