Straightforward Access to Water-Soluble Unsymmetrical Sulfoxanthene Dyes: Application to the Preparation of Far-Red Fluorescent Dyes with Large Stokes’ Shifts

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (27) ◽  
pp. 8330-8337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Chevalier ◽  
Pierre-Yves Renard ◽  
Anthony Romieu
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Stokes Shifts

scholarly journals Fibrillar pharmacology of functionalized nanocellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Wong ◽  
Simone Alidori ◽  
Barbara P. Mello ◽  
Bryan Aristega Almeida ◽  
David Ulmert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Specific Accumulation

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are linear organic nanomaterials derived from an abundant naturally occurring biopolymer resource. Strategic modification of the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups on the CNC introduces amine and iodine group substitution, respectively. The amine groups (0.285 mmol of amine per gram of functionalized CNC (fCNC)) are further reacted with radiometal loaded-chelates or fluorescent dyes as tracers to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of the fCNC in vivo. In this way, these nanoscale macromolecules can be covalently functionalized and yield water-soluble and biocompatible fibrillar nanoplatforms for gene, drug and radionuclide delivery in vivo. Transmission electron microscopy of fCNC reveals a length of 162.4 ± 16.3 nm, diameter of 11.2 ± 1.52 nm and aspect ratio of 16.4 ± 1.94 per particle (mean ± SEM) and is confirmed using atomic force microscopy. Size exclusion chromatography of macromolecular fCNC describes a fibrillar molecular behavior as evidenced by retention times typical of late eluting small molecules and functionalized carbon nanotubes. In vivo, greater than 50% of intravenously injected radiolabeled fCNC is excreted in the urine within 1 h post administration and is consistent with the pharmacological profile observed for other rigid, high aspect ratio macromolecules. Tissue distribution of fCNC shows accumulation in kidneys, liver, and spleen (14.6 ± 6.0; 6.1 ± 2.6; and 7.7 ± 1.4% of the injected activity per gram of tissue, respectively) at 72 h post-administration. Confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals cell-specific accumulation in these target tissue sinks. In summary, our findings suggest that functionalized nanocellulose can be used as a potential drug delivery platform for the kidneys.

scholarly journals Visualizing monolayers with a water-soluble fluorophore to quantify adsorption, desorption, and the double layer

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. E826-E835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Shieh ◽  
Joseph A. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Immiscible Liquid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Anionic Phospholipid ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Disordered Phase

Contrast in confocal microscopy of phase-separated monolayers at the air–water interface can be generated by the selective adsorption of water-soluble fluorescent dyes to disordered monolayer phases. Optical sectioning minimizes the fluorescence signal from the subphase, whereas convolution of the measured point spread function with a simple box model of the interface provides quantitative assessment of the excess dye concentration associated with the monolayer. Coexisting liquid-expanded, liquid-condensed, and gas phases could be visualized due to differential dye adsorption in the liquid-expanded and gas phases. Dye preferentially adsorbed to the liquid-disordered phase during immiscible liquid–liquid phase coexistence, and the contrast persisted through the critical point as shown by characteristic circle-to-stripe shape transitions. The measured dye concentration in the disordered phase depended on the phase composition and surface pressure, and the dye was expelled from the film at the end of coexistence. The excess concentration of a cationic dye within the double layer adjacent to an anionic phospholipid monolayer was quantified as a function of subphase ionic strength, and the changes in measured excess agreed with those predicted by the mean-field Gouy–Chapman equations. This provided a rapid and noninvasive optical method of measuring the fractional dissociation of lipid headgroups and the monolayer surface potential.

Degradation of Oil- and Water-Soluble Fluorescent Dyes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lav R Khot ◽  
Masoud Salyani ◽  
Roy D Sweeb
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Water Soluble

Water-Soluble Phospholo[3,2-b ]phosphole-P ,P ′-Dioxide-Based Fluorescent Dyes with High Photostability

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1616-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Wang ◽  
Aiko Fukazawa ◽  
Yoshiyuki Tanabe ◽  
Naoto Inai ◽  
Daisuke Yokogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Water Soluble

Human spectrin Src homology 3 domain binding protein 1 regulates macropinocytosis in NIH 3T3 cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (21) ◽  
pp. 3805-3814 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Xu ◽  
D. Ziemnicka ◽  
G.S. Merz ◽  
L. Kotula
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Sh3 Domain ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Nih 3T3 ◽  
Nih 3T3 Cells

Macropinocytosis is an endocytic process that occurs through non-clathrin coated vesicles larger than 0.2 microm in diameter. Although macropinocytic vesicles are readily visualized in cultured cells by the introduction of fluorescent, water-soluble dyes into the culture medium, protein markers associated with this type of vesicles have not yet been well defined. Here, we report that human spectrin SH3 domain binding protein 1, or Hssh3bp1, associates with macropinosomes in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Hssh3bp1 macropinosomes are heterogeneous in morphology and size, do not endocytose transferrin and are resistant to brefeldin A treatment. Cytochalasin D, and wortmannin block endocytosis of fluorescent dyes into the Hssh3bp1 macropinosomes and dramatically affect their morphology. Overexpression of Hssh3bp1-green fluorescent protein abolished fusion of vesicles resulting in a decreased endocytosis of fluorescence dyes, thus suggesting a potential regulatory role of Hssh3bp1 in macropinocytosis. In the macropinosomes of NIH 3T3 cells, Hssh3bp1 associates with a 200-kDa protein that crossreacts with a monoclonal antibody to the erythroid alpha-spectrin SH3 domain. Thus macropinosomes in cells may contain a spectrin-like protein.

Water Balance in Giraffes

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-260
Author(s):  
Graham Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Fecal Water ◽  
Kidney Anatomy ◽  
And Function

Wild giraffes live in arid environments. Having access to water and minimizing water requirements are critical. The main sources of water are the water in browse and water generated by metabolism. Giraffes rely less on surface water: intermittent use of surface water is a legendary characteristic of giraffes. The volume of water needed depends on body mass. For a giraffe weighing 750 kg, ~25 L of water is needed daily. The water content of browse is ~60%, and as a giraffe of that mass will eat ~35 kg of fresh browse daily, it simultaneously will acquire ~20 L of water. Metabolism of the fat, carbohydrates, and proteins in 35 kg of fresh browse will produce ~10 L of water. These two sources of water exceed daily requirements and reduce the need to drink surface water. Water is lost through feces, evaporation from the skin and respiratory tract, and in urine. Fecal water loss and water lost in exhaled air amount to ~4 L daily (~2 L each). It is not known if giraffes sweat, but their skin contains active sweat glands. The volume of water lost as sweat will vary according to what thermoregulatory mechanisms are activated to minimize sweating, but may be 5 L daily. Obligatory excretion of water-soluble wastes in urine can account for most water lost daily, and that amount is related to kidney anatomy and function. In a 750-kg giraffe, obligatory urine volume is ~10 L daily.

scholarly journals Ratiometric pH Sensing and Imaging in Living Cells with Dual-Emission Semiconductor Polymer Dots

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2923
Author(s):  
Piaopiao Chen ◽  
Iqra Ilyas ◽  
Su He ◽  
Yichen Xing ◽  
Zhigang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ph Sensing ◽  
Dual Emission ◽  
Polymer Dots ◽  
Ratiometric Ph Sensing

Polymer dots (Pdots) represent newly developed semiconductor polymer nanoparticles and exhibit excellent characteristics as fluorescent probes. To improve the sensitivity and biocompatibility of Pdots ratiometric pH biosensors, we synthesized 3 types of water-soluble Pdots: Pdots-PF, Pdots-PP, and Pdots-PPF by different combinations of fluorescent dyes poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO), poly[(9,9-dioctyl-fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1′,3}-thiadazole)] (PFBT), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). We found that Pdots-PPF exhibits optimal performance on pH sensing. PFO and FITC in Pdots-PPF produce pH-insensitive (λ = 439 nm) and pH-sensitive (λ = 517 nm) fluorescence respectively upon a single excitation at 380 nm wavelength, which enables Pdots-PPF ratiometric pH sensing ability. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) together with the use of PFBT amplify the FITC signal, which enables Pdots-PPF robust sensitivity to pH. The emission intensity ratio (I517/I439) of Pdots-PPF changes linearly as a function of pH within the range of pH 3.0 to 8.0. Pdots-PPF also possesses desirable reversibility and stability in pH measurement. More importantly, Pdots-PPF was successfully used for cell imaging in Hela cells, exhibiting effective cellular uptake and low cytotoxicity. Our study suggests the promising potential of Pdots-PPF as an in vivo biomarker.

Solar and Storage Degradations of Oil- and Water-Soluble Fluorescent Dyes

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Khot ◽  
M. Salyani ◽  
R. D. Sweeb
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
And Storage

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Novel Water-Soluble Indocyanine Dyes as Fluorescent Dyes for Proteins Detection.

ChemInform ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (29) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Yile Fu ◽  
Lanying Wang ◽  
Xianghan Zhang ◽  
Tianqin Lu ◽  
Qianjie Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Water Soluble
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