scholarly journals Antarctic Genomics

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody S. Clark ◽  
Andrew Clarke ◽  
Charles S. Cockell ◽  
Peter Convey ◽  
H. William Detrich III ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Polar Ecosystems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Genomic Science ◽  
Polar Biology

With the development of genomic science and its battery of technologies, polar biology stands on the threshold of a revolution, one that will enable the investigation of important questions of unprecedented scope and with extraordinary depth and precision. The exotic organisms of polar ecosystems are ideal candidates for genomic analysis. Through such analyses, it will be possible to learn not only the novel features that enable polar organisms to survive, and indeed thrive, in their extreme environments, but also fundamental biological principles that are common to most, if not all, organisms. This article aims to review recent developments in Antarctic genomics and to demonstrate the global context of such studies.

Novel Nanolipoidal Systems for the Management of Skin Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Apoorva Singh ◽  
Nimisha
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
The Stability

: Skin cancer, among the various kinds of cancers, is a type that emerges from skin due to the growth of abnormal cells. These cells are capable of spreading and invading the other parts of the body. The occurrence of non-melanoma and melanoma, which are the major types of skin cancers, has increased over the past decades. Exposure to ultraviolet radiations (UV) is the main associative cause of skin cancer. UV exposure can inactivate tumor suppressor genes while activating various oncogenes. The conventional techniques like surgical removal, chemotherapy and radiation therapy lack the potential for targeting cancer cells and harm the normal cells. However, the novel therapeutics show promising improvements in the effectiveness of treatment, survival rates and better quality of life for patients. Different methodologies are involved in the skin cancer therapeutics for delivering the active ingredients to the target sites. Nano carriers are very efficient as they have the ability to improve the stability of drugs and further enhance their penetration into the tumor cells. The recent developments and research in nanotechnology have entitled several targeting and therapeutic agents to be incorporated into nanoparticles for an enhancive treatment of skin cancer. To protect the research works in the field of nanolipoidal systems various patents have been introduced. Some of the patents acknowledge responsive liposomes for specific targeting, nanocarriers for the delivery or co-delivery of chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids as well as photosensitizers. Further recent patents on the novel delivery systems have also been included here.

Solid Lubricating Films for Extreme Environments

1988 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin L. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Multilayer Coating ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Film Adhesion ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Deposition Processes

AbstractAdvances in solid lubricating films for vacuum and high temperature applications are reviewed. Traditional lubricants (e.g. graphite and dichalcogenides) are being improved and new lubricating materials (e.g. amorphous carbons) are being discovered with the aid of recent developments in deposition processes and surface analytical methods. Ion bombardmenttreatments have increased film adhesion, lowered friction coefficients and enhanced the wearlife of MoS2films, as well as created new forms of lubricating carbons (amorphous, polymeric and diamond-like). Composite films and multilayer coating treatments are providing extra protection for surface and films against environmental degradation. Ultralow friction coefficients (<0.01) have been achieved with MoS 2 as well as diamond-like carbon films. Material selection, in some cases (e.g. thin metal films), can nowbe made basedon scientific principles, although many tribomaterials are still being developed by trialand error methods.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Caldithrix abyssi, the Thermophilic Anaerobic Bacterium of the Novel Bacterial Phylum Calditrichaeota

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Kublanov ◽  
Olga M. Sigalova ◽  
Sergey N. Gavrilov ◽  
Alexander V. Lebedinsky ◽  
Christian Rinke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
The Novel

Genomic Analysis of Citrobacter Portucalensis Sb-2 Identifies a Phage Predation Driven Metalloid Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshuang Yu ◽  
Zhenchen Xie ◽  
Jigang Yang ◽  
Jinxuan Liang ◽  
YuanPing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacterium ◽  
Bacterial Adaptation ◽  
Resistance Determinants

Abstract Bacterial adaptation to extreme environments is often mediated by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). At the same time, phage mediated HGT for conferring bacterial arsenite and antimonite resistance has not been documented before. In this study, a highly arsenite and antimonite resistant bacterium, C. portucalensis strain Sb-2, was isolated and subsequent genome analysis showed that putative arsenite and antimonite resistance determinants were flanked or embedded by prophages. We predict these phage-mediated resistances play a significant role in maintaining genetic diversity within the genus of Citrobacter and are responsible for endowing the corresponding resistances to C. portucalensis strain Sb-2.

scholarly journals Novel start codons introduce novel coding sequences in the human genomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Zhang ◽  
Yang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Human Genomes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Signal ◽  
Human Specific

AbstractStart-gain mutations can introduce novel start codons and generate novel coding sequences that may affect the function of genes. In this study, we systematically investigated the novel start codons that were either polymorphic or fixed in the human genomes. 829 polymorphic start-gain SNVs were identified in the human populations, and the novel start codons introduced by these SNVs have significantly higher activity in translation initiation. Some of these start-gain SNVs were reported to be associated with phenotypes and diseases in previous studies. By comparative genomic analysis, we found 26 human-specific start codons that were fixed after the divergence between the human and chimpanzee, and high-level translation initiation activity was observed on them. The negative selection signal was detected in the novel coding sequences introduced by these human-specific start codons, indicating the important function of these novel coding sequences. This study reveals start-gain mutations are keeping appearing in the human genomes during the evolution and may be important sources altering the function of genes which may further affect the phenotypes or cause diseases.

scholarly journals Viewing ‘the other’ over a hundred and a score more years: South Africa and Russia (1890–2010)

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Liebenberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Boer War ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Auto Ethnography

Whether novel is history or history is novel, is a tantalising point. “The novel is no longer a work, a thing to make las t, to connect the pas t with the future but (only) one current event among many, a ges ture with no tomorrow” Kundera (1988:19). One does not have to agree with Kundera to find that social sciences , as his toriography holds a s tory, a human narrative to be shared when focused on a case or cases. In this case, relations between peoples over more than a century are discussed. At the same time, what is known as broader casing in qualitative studies enters the picture. The relations between the governments and the peoples of South Africa and Russia ( including the Soviet Union), sometimes in conflict or peace and sometimes at variance are discussed. Past and present communalities and differences between two national entities within a changing international or global context deserve attention while moments of auto-ethnography compliment the study. References are made to the international political economy in the context of the relations between these countries.Keywords: Soviet Union; South Africa; Total Onslaught; United Party; Friends of the Soviet Union; ideological conflict (South Africa); Russians (and the Anglo-Boer War); racial capitalism; apartheid; communism/Trotskyism (in South Africa); broader casing (qualitative research)Subject fields: political science; sociology; (military) history; international political economy; social anthropology; international relations; conflict studies

Multiple Myeloma: From Front-Line to Relapsed Therapies

2015 ◽  
pp. e504-e511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moreau ◽  
Cyrille Touzeau
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Disease Relapse ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Optimal Sequencing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Phase Ii And Iii ◽  
Multiple Relapses

Recent developments in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) have led to improvements in response rates and to increased survival. A major advance in the last decade has been the introduction of the novel agents thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide as part of front-line treatment in both the transplant and nontransplant settings. However, disease relapse is inevitable for the majority of patients and myeloma typically recurs more aggressively with each relapse, eventually leading to the development of treatment-refractory disease. Several phase II and III trials have demonstrated the efficacy of recently approved agents in the setting of relapsed and relapsed and refractory MM, including pomalidomide and carfilzomib. Ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, and multiple other novel classes of agents are being investigated. These include monoclonal antibodies and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which may further add to the therapeutic armamentarium for this malignancy. Therefore, in a disease characterized by multiple relapses, the optimal sequencing of the different effective options is an important consideration in attempting to prolong survival.

scholarly journals Insights into the Metabolism and Evolution of the Genus Acidiphilium, a Typical Acidophile in Acid Mine Drainage

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangzhi Li ◽  
Zhenghua Liu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Delong Meng ◽  
Xueduan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Here, we report three new Acidiphilium genomes, reclassified existing Acidiphilium species, and performed the first comparative genomic analysis on Acidiphilium in an attempt to address the metabolic potential, ecological functions, and evolutionary history of the genus Acidiphilium. In the genomes of Acidiphilium, we found an abundant repertoire of horizontally transferred genes (HTGs) contributing to environmental adaption and metabolic expansion, including genes conferring photosynthesis (puf, puh), CO2 assimilation (rbc), capacity for methane metabolism (mmo, mdh, frm), nitrogen source utilization (nar, cyn, hmp), sulfur compound utilization (sox, psr, sqr), and multiple metal and osmotic stress resistance capacities (czc, cop, ect). Additionally, the predicted donors of horizontal gene transfer were present in a cooccurrence network of Acidiphilium. Genome-scale positive selection analysis revealed that 15 genes contained adaptive mutations, most of which were multifunctional and played critical roles in the survival of extreme conditions. We proposed that Acidiphilium originated in mild conditions and adapted to extreme environments such as acidic mineral sites after the acquisition of many essential functions. IMPORTANCE Extremophiles, organisms that thrive in extreme environments, are key models for research on biological adaption. They can provide hints for the origin and evolution of life, as well as improve the understanding of biogeochemical cycling of elements. Extremely acidophilic bacteria such as Acidiphilium are widespread in acid mine drainage (AMD) systems, but the metabolic potential, ecological functions, and evolutionary history of this genus are still ambiguous. Here, we sequenced the genomes of three new Acidiphilium strains and performed comparative genomic analysis on this extremely acidophilic bacterial genus. We found in the genomes of Acidiphilium an abundant repertoire of horizontally transferred genes (HTGs) contributing to environmental adaption and metabolic ability expansion, as indicated by phylogenetic reconstruction and gene context comparison. This study has advanced our understanding of microbial evolution and biogeochemical cycling in extreme niches.

scholarly journals From Stockholm to Malawi: recent developments in studying human polyomaviruses

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariet C. W. Feltkamp ◽  
Siamaque Kazem ◽  
Els van der Meijden ◽  
Chris Lauber ◽  
Alexander E. Gorbalenya
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Merkel Cell ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

Until a few years ago the polyomavirus family (Polyomaviridae) included a dozen viruses identified in avian and mammalian hosts. Two of these, the JC and BK-polyomaviruses isolated a long time ago, are known to infect humans and cause severe illness in immunocompromised hosts. Since 2007 an unprecedented number of eight novel polyomaviruses were discovered in humans. Among them are the KI- and WU-polyomaviruses identified in respiratory samples, the Merkel cell polyomavirus found in skin carcinomas and the polyomavirus associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa, a skin disease of transplant patients. Another four novel human polyomaviruses were identified, HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9 and the Malawi polyomavirus, so far not associated with any disease. In the same period several novel mammalian polyomaviruses were described. This review summarizes the recent developments in studying the novel human polyomaviruses, and touches upon several aspects of polyomavirus virology, pathogenicity, epidemiology and phylogeny.

Change Gasket: Overview and Recent Developments

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ Currie
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Recent Developments

The paper discusses the development of sealing technology within the organisation with particular emphasis on the novel gasket (NG) referred to as Change. The paper will introduce the concept and product; it will discuss the series of tests including comparison with four other gasket styles commonly used in the sealing industry. A brief summary of product development is under taken and sealing industry gasket constants and calculations are used to highlight the benefits of novel technology.

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