Variable influence on projection (VIP) for orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Galindo-Prieto ◽  
Lennart Eriksson ◽  
Johan Trygg
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Projections To Latent Structures ◽  
Latent Structures ◽  
Variable Influence

Brachyspira Species Avidity to Colonic Mucins from Pigs with and without Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Infection is Species-Specific and Varies between Strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena P. Quintana-Hayashi ◽  
Mattias Erhardsson ◽  
Maxime Mahu ◽  
Vignesh Venkatakrishnan ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Projections To Latent Structures ◽  
Latent Structures ◽  
Species Specific

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is commonly associated with swine dysentery (SD), a disease that has an economic impact in the swine industry. B. hyodysenteriae infection results in changes to the colonic mucus niche with a massive mucus induction, which substantially increases the amount of B. hyodysenteriae binding sites in the mucus. We have previously determined that a B. hyodysenteriae strain binds to colon mucins in a manner that differs between pigs and mucin types. Here, we investigated if adhesion to mucins is a trait observed across a broad set of B. hyodysenteriae strains and isolates and furthermore at a genus level ( B. innocens, B. pilosicoli, B. murdochii, B. hampsonii and B. intermedia strains). Our results show that binding to mucins appears to be specific to B. hyodysenteriae , and within this species, the binding ability to mucins varies between strains/isolates, increases to mucins from pigs with SD, and is associated to sialic acid epitopes on mucins. Infection with B. hyodysenteriae strain 8dII results in mucin glycosylation changes in the colon including a shift in sialic acid containing structures. Thus, we demonstrate through hierarchical cluster analysis and Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) models of the relative abundances of sialic acid-containing glycans, that sialic acid containing structures in the mucin O -glycome are good predictors of B. hyodysenteriae strain 8dII infection in pigs. The results emphasize the role of sialic acids in governing B. hyodysenteriae interactions with its host, which may open perspectives for therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Comparative Inner Morphological and Chemical Studies on Reynoutria Species in Korea

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
Kazi-Marjahan Akter ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Woo Sung Park ◽  
Dong-Min Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Projections To Latent Structures ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Latent Structures

Reynoutria species are medicinal plants that belong to the family Polygonaceae and are widely distributed in eastern Asia, North America and Europe. Although the phylogeny and morphological and anatomical studies of some species in Korea have been previously reported, there are no discriminative anatomical and chemical data available. Therefore, anatomical characterization of the leaf, stem and root, and high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) analyses were carried out to assess the differences in anatomical and chemical profiles among the Reynoutria plants in Korea, i.e., R. japonica, R. sachalinensis, R. forbesii and R. japonica for. elata. The anatomical evaluation showed discriminative characteristics, such as the shape of the stomata and the stomatal index of the lower leaf surface; the ratio of the adaxial/abaxial height, the size of the vascular bundles and the frequency of druse in the midrib, petiole, and stem; and the pericycle number in the root. For the HPLC analysis, ten compounds corresponding to each major peak were isolated from R. japonica roots and their structures were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic studies. Samples collected before the flowering season showed higher contents of these ten major compounds than those collected after the flowering season. The orthogonal projections to latent structures-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) with the inner morphological and HPLC quantification results, clearly discriminated these plants. These results provide anatomical parameters and HPLC profiling that can be used to distinguish the four Reynoutria plants, which supports quality control for their precise identification.

scholarly journals Steroid Hormones Related to 11β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Treated Obesity

2015 ◽  
pp. S121-S133 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MÁČOVÁ ◽  
L. SOSVOROVÁ ◽  
J. VÍTKŮ ◽  
M. BIČÍKOVÁ ◽  
M. HILL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Projections To Latent Structures ◽  
Latent Structures ◽  
Circulating Levels

The local concentration of glucocorticoids is intensively regulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD 1). Human 11β-HSD 1 also reversibly catalyzes the inter-conversion of 7α-hydroxy- and 7β-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into 7-oxo-DHEA. The cohort of 282 obese adolescents, 154 girls (median age 15.31 years, range 14.17-16.68 years) and 128 boys (median age 14.95 years, range 13.87-16.16 years), BMI (Body Mass Index) >90th percentile was examined. In samples collected before and after one month of reductive diet therapy, circulating levels of steroids were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and radioimmunoassay methods. The model of the treatment efficacy prediction was calculated. A significant reduction in circulating levels of cortisone, E2 and increased levels of 7β-hydroxy-DHEA after the reductive treatment was observed. Levels of cortisol, DHEA, DHT sustained without any significant change. The predictive Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures (OPLS) model explained 20.1 % of variability of BMI, z-score change by the basal levels of 7α-hydroxy-DHEA, DHEA, cortisol and E2 as the strongest predictors. Reduced levels of circulating cortisone and reduced ratios of oxygenated/reduced metabolites reflect increased reductase activity of 11β-HSD 1 with reduced BMI, z-score. We hypothesize whether these changes can be attributed to the altered activity of 11β-HSD 1 in the liver.

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