Input of Electroanalytical Methods for the Determination of Diclofenac: A Review of Recent Trends and Developments

Background: Dopamine agonists are useful drugs for the management of patients with Parkinson's disease in the early stages and in later stages of the disease. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects dopamine-producing nerve cells in the brain. They bind to dopamine receptors in nerve cells that regulate body movement and motor function. Electroanalytical methods are used in medicinal, clinical and pharmaceutical research. The voltammetry is one of the most commonly used electroanalytical methods. The aims of this review are to gather and discuss studies of voltammetric methods used in determination of dopamine agonists. Method: This review includes the use of various voltammetric methods for determination studies of dopamine agonists from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. These studies were examined in terms of used voltammetric method or methods, working electrode, buffer, pH and validation parameters. Results: Cabergoline, pramipexole, ropinirole have more studies, while bromocriptine and apomorphine have fewer studies in the literature. Differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry methods were the most applied methods for determination of dopamine agonist drugs from pharmaceuticals and biological samples. But, stripping, cyclic and lineer sweep voltammetry methods are less applied methods. In this studies, a lot of modified electrodes were developed and used to analyse of dopamine agonists. Conclusion: The voltammetric methods supply determination of therapeutic agents and/or their metabolites in clinical samples at extremely low concentrations without the necessity for the sample pre-treatment or time consuming extraction steps. Also the modified electrodes and validated voltammetric methods provide good stability, repeatability, reproducibility and high recovery for the analysis of the analyte.

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Electroanalytical Methods for Determination of Calcium Channel Blockers

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411014666180426165750 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 207-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fatma Ağın

Keyword(s):

Calcium Channel ◽

Calcium Channel Blockers ◽

Channel Blocker ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Channel Blockers ◽

Electroanalytical Methods ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽

Ischemic Heart Diseases

Background:Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and ischemic heart diseases in recent years. They treat arrhythmias by reducing cardiac cycle contraction and also benefit ischemic heart diseases. Electroanalytical methods are very powerful analytical methods used in the pharmaceutical industry because of the determination of therapeutic agents and/or their metabolites in clinical samples at extremely low concentrations (10-50 ng/ml). The purpose of this review is to gather electroanalytical methods used for the determination of calcium channel blocker drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological media selected mainly from current articles.Methods:This review mainly includes recent determination studies of calcium channel blockers by electroanalytical methods from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. The studies of calcium channel blockers electroanalytical determination in the literature were reviewed and interpreted.Results:There are a lot of studies on amlodipine and nifedipine, but the number of studies on benidipine, cilnidipine, felodipine, isradipine, lercanidipine, lacidipine, levamlodipine, manidipine, nicardipine, nilvadipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, diltiazem, and verapamil are limited in the literature. In these studies, DPV and SWV are the most used methods. The other methods were used less for the determination of calcium channel blocker drugs.Conclusion:Electroanalytical methods especially voltammetric methods supply reproducible and reliable results for the analysis of the analyte. These methods are simple, more sensitive, rapid and inexpensive compared to the usually used spectroscopic and chromatographic methods.

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Electroanalysis of Tricyclic Psychotropic Drugs using Modified Electrodes

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411014666180917112548 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 423-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mona Habibi-Kool-Gheshlaghi ◽

Farnoush Faridbod ◽

Mahya Karami Mosammam ◽

Mohammad Reza Ganjali

Keyword(s):

Psychotropic Drugs ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Electrochemical Techniques ◽

Modified Electrodes ◽

Electroanalytical Methods ◽

Drug Assays ◽

Medical Importance ◽

Tricyclic Rings ◽

Easy Operation

Background: Tricyclic psychotropic drugs are defined as a tricyclic rings of the dibenzazepine group with the presence of sulfur and nitrogen atoms. They have been prescribed for antidepressive therapy over the years. Due to their medical importance, many analytical methods have been developed for their monitoring. However, benefits of electrochemical techniques such as costeffectiveness, fast, easy operation and non-destructiveness make them appropriate analytical methods for drug assays. Electrochemical determinations of pharmaceuticals require suitable working electrodes. During years, many electrodes are modified by a variety of modifiers and several sensors were developed based on them. In this regard, nanomaterials, due to their remarkable properties, are one of the most important choices. Objective: Here, the application of electroanalytical methods in the determination of electroactive tricyclic psychotropic drugs will be reviewed and the nanomaterials which are used for improvements of the working electrodes will be considered.

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Electroanalytical Techniques for the Detection of Selenium as a Biologically and Environmentally Significant Analyte—A Short Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061768 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1768

Author(s):

Miroslav Rievaj ◽

Eva Culková ◽

Damiána Šandorová ◽

Zuzana Lukáčová-Chomisteková ◽

Renata Bellová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Essential Element ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Short Review ◽

Electroanalytical Methods ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Speed Of Analysis

This short review deals with the properties and significance of the determination of selenium, which is in trace amounts an essential element for animals and humans, but toxic at high concentrations. It may cause oxidative stress in cells, which leads to the chronic disease called selenosis. Several analytical techniques have been developed for its detection, but electroanalytical methods are advantageous due to simple sample preparation, speed of analysis and high sensitivity of measurements, especially in the case of stripping voltammetry very low detection limits even in picomoles per liter can be reached. A variety of working electrodes based on mercury, carbon, silver, platinum and gold materials were applied to the analysis of selenium in various samples. Only selenium in oxidation state + IV is electroactive therefore the most of voltammetric determinations are devoted to it. However, it is possible to detect also other forms of selenium by indirect electrochemistry approach.

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Determination of Trace Elements in Wine by Atomic Spectroscopy and Electroanalytical Methods

Grape and Wine Biotechnology ◽

10.5772/64932 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Niina J. Ronkainen

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Atomic Spectroscopy ◽

Electroanalytical Methods

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Research progress in electroanalytical techniques for determination of antimalarial drugs in pharmaceutical and biological samples

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra05025e ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (62) ◽

pp. 57580-57602 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Neeta Thapliyal ◽

Tirivashe E. Chiwunze ◽

Rajshekhar Karpoormath ◽

Rajendra N. Goyal ◽

Harun Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Samples ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Antimalarial Drugs ◽

Research Progress ◽

Electroanalytical Methods ◽

Biological Matrices

The review focusses on the role of electroanalytical methods for determination of antimalarial drugs in biological matrices and pharmaceutical formulations with a critical analysis of published voltammetric and potentiometric methods.

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