scholarly journals Front Cover: Direct Electron Transfer of Enzymes Facilitated by Cytochromes (ChemElectroChem 4/2019)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Ma ◽  
Roland Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Front Cover

scholarly journals Amperometric Biosensors Based on Direct Electron Transfer Enzymes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4525
Author(s):  
Franziska Schachinger ◽  
Hucheng Chang ◽  
Stefan Scheiblbrandner ◽  
Roland Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Direct Electrochemistry ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Amperometric Biosensors ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Fusion Enzymes ◽  
Cost Efficient

The accurate determination of analyte concentrations with selective, fast, and robust methods is the key for process control, product analysis, environmental compliance, and medical applications. Enzyme-based biosensors meet these requirements to a high degree and can be operated with simple, cost efficient, and easy to use devices. This review focuses on enzymes capable of direct electron transfer (DET) to electrodes and also the electrode materials which can enable or enhance the DET type bioelectrocatalysis. It presents amperometric biosensors for the quantification of important medical, technical, and environmental analytes and it carves out the requirements for enzymes and electrode materials in DET-based third generation biosensors. This review critically surveys enzymes and biosensors for which DET has been reported. Single- or multi-cofactor enzymes featuring copper centers, hemes, FAD, FMN, or PQQ as prosthetic groups as well as fusion enzymes are presented. Nanomaterials, nanostructured electrodes, chemical surface modifications, and protein immobilization strategies are reviewed for their ability to support direct electrochemistry of enzymes. The combination of both biosensor elements—enzymes and electrodes—is evaluated by comparison of substrate specificity, current density, sensitivity, and the range of detection.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Direct Electron Transfer in Graphene Bioelectrodes Containing Novel Cytochrome c Variants with Optimized Heme Orientation

2021 ◽  
pp. 107818
Author(s):  
Miriam Izzo ◽  
Silvio Osella ◽  
Margot Jacquet ◽  
Małgorzata Kiliszek ◽  
Ersan Harputlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer

Direct electron transfer in immobilized flavoenzyme chemically modified graphite electrodes

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Ianniello ◽  
Thomas J. Lindsay ◽  
Alexander M. Yacynych
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Chemically Modified
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