Selection of Low-Cost Ionic Liquid Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction in Propylene Carbonate/Tetrabutylammonium Perchlorate

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 2295-2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-You Chen ◽  
Jin Shi ◽  
Feng-Xia Shen ◽  
Jian-Zheng Zhen ◽  
Yun-Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Selection Of

Graphene Supported Tungsten Carbide as Catalyst for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahithi Ananthaneni ◽  
Rees Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Metal Carbides ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Co2 Reduction Reaction

<div>Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to useful chemical and fuels in an energy efficient way is currently an expensive and inefficient process. Recently, low-cost transition metal-carbides (TMCs) are proven to exhibit similar electronic structure similarities to Platinum-Group-Metal (PGM) catalysts and hence can be good substitutes for some important reduction reactions. In this work, we test graphenesupported WC (Tungsten Carbide) nanocluster as an electrocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction. Specifically, we perform DFT studies to understand various possible reaction mechanisms and determine the lowest thermodynamic energy landscape of CO2 reduction to various products such as CO, HCOOH, CH3OH, and CH4. This in-depth study of reaction energetics could lead to improvements and develop more efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction.<br></div>

scholarly journals Design Considerations and Selection of Cost-Effective Switched Reluctance Drive for Radiator Cooling Fans

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 917
Author(s):  
Ickjin Son ◽  
Grace Firsta Lukman ◽  
Mazahir Hussain Shah ◽  
Kwang-Il Jeong ◽  
Jin-Woo Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Switched Reluctance Motors ◽  
Switched Reluctance ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Cooling Fan ◽  
Cooling Fans ◽  
Power Switches ◽  
Selection Of

Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are simple in structure, easy to manufacture, magnet-less, brushless, and highly robust compared to other AC motors which makes them a good option for applications that operate in harsh environment. However, the motor has non-linear magnetic characteristics, and it comes with various pole-phase combinations and circuit topologies that causes many difficulties in deciding on which type to choose. In this paper, the viability of SRM as a low-cost, rugged machine for vehicle radiator cooling fan is considered. First, necessary design considerations are presented, then three commonly use types of SRM are analyzed: A 3-phase 6/4, 3-phase 12/8, and a 4-phase 8/6 to find their static and dynamic characteristics so the most suitable type can be selected. Simulation results show that the 8/6 SRM produces the highest efficiency with less phase current which reduces the converter burden. However, with asymmetric half bridge converter, eight power switches are required for 8/6 SRM and thus put a burden on the overall drive cost. As a solution, the Miller converter with only six switches for four phase SRM. To verify the proposed idea, the 8/6 SRM was manufactured and tested. The results show that Miller converter can be used for the proposed SRM with slightly reduced efficiency at 80.4%.

scholarly journals An IoT-Based Participatory Antitheft System for Public Safety Enhancement in Smart Cities

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 919-937
Author(s):  
Nikos Papadakis ◽  
Nikos Koukoulas ◽  
Ioannis Christakis ◽  
Ilias Stavrakas ◽  
Dionisis Kandris
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Asset Tracking ◽  
Tracking Tasks ◽  
Tracking Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operation Center ◽  
Safety Enhancement ◽  
Selection Of

The risk of theft of goods is certainly an important source of negative influence in human psychology. This article focuses on the development of a scheme that, despite its low cost, acts as a smart antitheft system that achieves small property detection. Specifically, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based participatory platform was developed in order to allow asset-tracking tasks to be crowd-sourced to a community. Stolen objects are traced by using a prototype Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-based system, which sends signals, thus becoming a beacon. Once such an item (e.g., a bicycle) is stolen, the owner informs the authorities, which, in turn, broadcast an alert signal to activate the BLE sensor. To trace the asset with the antitheft tag, participants use their GPS-enabled smart phones to scan BLE tags through a specific smartphone client application and report the location of the asset to an operation center so that owners can locate their assets. A stolen item tracking simulator was created to support and optimize the aforementioned tracking process and to produce the best possible outcome, evaluating the impact of different parameters and strategies regarding the selection of how many and which users to activate when searching for a stolen item within a given area.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Empirical Characterization of Water as a Factor: Examples and Related Issues with the World Trade Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Ignacio Cazcarro ◽  
Albert E. Steenge
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Model ◽  
Selection Of

This article originates from the theoretical and empirical characterization of factors in the World Trade Model (WTM). It first illustrates the usefulness of this type of model for water research to address policy questions related to virtual water trade, water constraints and water scarcity. It also illustrates the importance of certain key decisions regarding the heterogeneity of water and its relation to the technologies being employed and the prices obtained. With regard to WTM, the global economic input–output model in which multiple technologies can produce a “homogeneous output”, it was recently shown that two different mechanisms should be distinguished by which multiple technologies can arise, i.e., from “technology-specific” or from “shared” factors, which implies a mechanism-specific set of prices, quantities and rents. We discuss and extend these characterizations, notably in relation to the real-world characterization of water as a factor (for which we use the terms technology specific, fully shared and “mixed”). We propose that the presence of these separate mechanisms results in the models being sensitive to relatively small variations in specific numerical values. To address this sensitivity, we suggest a specific role for specific (sub)models or key choices to counter unrealistic model outcomes. To support our proposal we present a selection of simulations for aggregated world regions, and show how key results concerning quantities, prices and rents can be subject to considerable change depending on the precise definitions of resource endowments and the technology-specificity of the factors. For instance, depending on the adopted water heterogeneity level, outcomes can vary from relatively low-cost solutions to higher cost ones and can even reach infeasibility. In the main model discussed here (WTM) factor prices are exogenous, which also contributes to the overall numerical sensitivity of the model. All this affects to a large extent our interpretation of the water challenges, which preferably need to be assessed in integrated frameworks, to account for the main socioeconomic variables, technologies and resources.

Effective Measures for CO2 Reduction Harnessing the Potential Water Energy Present in the Water Service Industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohbuchi Yoshihiro ◽  
Sasaki Takanori ◽  
Sumitomo Hiroaki ◽  
Saito Susumu ◽  
Tanaka Yoshiaki
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Purification Plant

Sapporo Waterworks Bureau's (SWB's) measures for CO2 reduction started in 1982 with a hydropower project at the Moiwa Water Purification Plant (MWPP) (cap. 155,000 m3/day). Operation of the generator was temporarily discontinued in 2001 for full-scale reconstruction of the water purification plant (WPP); after the completion of the reconstruction, the power generation equipment was renewed, and the operation resumed as a joint project with a private company in 2007. Power generation is on-site since the hydropower generator within the MWPP area provides energy consumed at the MWPP and the adjoining Waterworks Museum. This power generation is expected to create an energy saving effect equivalent to 1,500 tons of CO2 and over 10 million yen of annual net benefit. In order to increase the usage rate of low-cost, clean energy like hydropower at the WPP, SWB has made a series of adjustments to the operating methods of the plant. Then, as a result, the generation covers 97% of the energy used on-site at present. Furthermore, SWB is considering introducing other hydropower facilities of this kind that harness water transmission energy from the Shiraikawa WPP (cap. 650,000 m3/day) to the major distribution reservoirs.

scholarly journals Multiscale additive manufacturing of polymers using 3D photo-printable self-assembling ionic liquid monomers

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bineh G. Ndefru ◽  
Bryan S. Ringstrand ◽  
Sokhna I.-Y. Diouf ◽  
Sönke Seifert ◽  
Juan H. Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Nanoscale Features

Combining bottom-up self-assembly with top-down 3D photoprinting affords a low cost approach for the introduction of nanoscale features into a build with low resolution features.

A novel electrolysis cell for CO2 reduction to CO in ionic liquid/organic solvent electrolyte

2014 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Shi ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Ning Song ◽  
Jian-Xiong Liu ◽  
Xi-Kun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Electrolysis Cell

Physically Self-assembled Au Nanorod Arrays for SERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motofumi Suzuki ◽  
Kaoru Nakajima ◽  
Kenji Kimura ◽  
Takao Fukuoka ◽  
Yasushige Mori
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Au Nanorods ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Oblique Deposition ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTWe have demonstrated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on arrays of Au nanorods aligned in line by a dynamic oblique deposition technique. For the light polarized along the major axis of the nanorods, the plasma resonance of the Au nanorods has been tuned to a wavelength suitable for Raman spectroscopy. The Raman scattering on the discrete nanorods is enhanced significantly compared with that on semi continuous Au films. Since the preparation process is physically bottom-up, it is robust in its selection of the materials and is useful in providing the SERS sensors at low cost.

Improving quality of life for dialysis patients through telecare

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A Stroetmann ◽  
Peter Gruetzmacher ◽  
Veli N Stroetmann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Video Communication ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Home Dialysis ◽  
Service Support ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Selection Of

Home dialysis can improve the care and quality of life for patients with renal failure. We have explored the possibility of extending home care to more patients needing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using telemedicine. We tested videoconferencing support for five CAPD patients using low-cost ISDN equipment (128 kbit/s). Initial results indicated that it was possible to integrate video-communication into the daily routine of the clinic and the response from patients was surprisingly positive. Selection of appropriate, affordable technology and the ISDN service support by the telecommunications provider proved to be considerably more difficult than anticipated. The first indications also suggest medical advantages for home teledialysis.

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