Mechanism of Flue Gas Desulfurization with Sodium Phosphate Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2185-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Yuan ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Youzhi Liu ◽  
Xiaofeng Kang ◽  
Bo Peng
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Solution

P23 Tolerability of prednisolone and dexamethasone in children in saudi arabia and the united kingdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. e2.26-e2
Author(s):  
Fahad Aljebab ◽  
Mofadhi Alanazi ◽  
Imti Choonara ◽  
Sharon Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Oral Prednisolone ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
List Type ◽  
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Solution ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundCorticosteroids are used to treat conditions including acute asthma and croup where they are often given in short-courses. This study evaluated the tolerability and palatability of oral prednisolone and dexamethasone in children in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the UK.MethodsA prospective observational/interview study was performed. Palatability was evaluated by asking patient/parent’s opinions of the taste and acceptability of the medication. Children pointed at the appropriate face on a scale depicting: 1 ‘dislike very much’, 2 ‘dislike a little’, 3 ‘not sure’, 4 ‘like a little’ and 5 ‘like very much’.1 Tolerability, in particular nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain was evaluated by direct questioning of the patient/parents after each administration. Data was collected over three months in each centre. Patients aged 2–18 years treated with oral prednisolone or dexamethasone in hospital were approached to participate.ResultsIn SA, 122 patients (89 asthma, 33 croup), aged 2–10 years (mean=4.3) were recruited: 52 received prednisolone base tablets; 37 prednisolone sodium phosphate syrup; 33 dexamethasone elixir. In the UK, of 133 patients (80 asthma, 53 croup) aged 2–16 years (mean=4.9): 38 received prednisolone base tablets; 42 prednisolone sodium phosphate soluble tablets; 53 dexamethasone sodium phosphate oral solution.SA: Day 1 prednisolone base tablet palatability scores: 1 (88.5%); 2 (11.5%). Day 2 scores: 1 (64.4%); 2 (28.9%); 3 (6.7%). Day 1 prednisolone sodium phosphate solution palatability scores: 1 (48.6%); 2 (40.5%); 3 (10.8%). Day 2 scores: 1 (10.8%); 2 (67.6%); 3 (21.6%). Day 1 dexamethasone elixir palatability scores: 1 (27.3%); 2 (48.5%); 3 (24.2%).UK: Day 1 prednisolone base tablet palatability scores: 1 (76.3%); 2 (13.1%); 3 (5.3%); 4 (5.3%). Day 2 scores: 1 (61.3%); 2 (19.4%); 3 (16.1%); 4 (3.2%). Day 1 prednisolone sodium phosphate soluble tablet palatability scores: 1 (35.7%); 2 (26.2%); 3 (23.8%); 4 (11.9%) 5 (2.4%). Day 2 scores: 1 (16.7%); 2 (58.2%); 3 (16.7%); 4 (4.2%); 5 (4.2%). Day 1 dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution palatability scores: 1 (5.7%); 2 (28.3%); 3 (37.7%); 4 (17%); 5 (11.3%).Dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution had the highest palatability scores (P<706;0.0001). The score was lowest for prednisolone base tablets in both centres (P<0.0001).In SA prednisolone base tablets were associated with more cases of nausea (24 vs 7) and vomiting (5 vs 0) than prednisolone sodium phosphate syrup (p=0.008 and p=0.073 respectively). In the UK vomiting occurred significantly more frequently with prednisolone base tablets (8) than prednisolone sodium phosphate soluble tablets (2) (p=0.041).In both centres dexamethasone was associated with less side effects but with no significant difference between the formulations. Vomiting (1 vs 0), nausea (7 vs 3) and abdominal pain (10 vs 8) occurred more with dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution than dexamethasone elixir (p=1, p=0.53 and p=0.55 respectively).ConclusionsDexamethasone sodium phosphate solution was the most palatable preparation. Prednisolone base tablets were rated the least palatable and were also the least well tolerated. Palatability scores seemed to improve with second doses.ReferenceH. Hames H, Seabrook JA, Matsui D, Rieder MJ, Joubert GI. A palatability study of a flavoured dexamethasone preparation versus prednisolone liquid in children. Can. J. Clin. PharmacolJanuary 2008;15(1):e95–8.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ag Doped Hydroxylapatite via the Decomposition of EDTA Chelate

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Dilara Cayir ◽  
Celaletdin Ergun ◽  
Sabahattin Guvendik
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Solution ◽  
In Situ Coating

It has been proven that HA coatings on implant materials treated with silver exhibited excellent antibacterial effects. Silver (Ag) ions were successfully incorporated into HA structure with the precipitation method. Although this method was pretty much suitable for the synthesis in powder form, it is not applicable to in-situ coating processes. The aim of the current study is to synthesize Ag ion incorporating HA via the decomposition of EDTA Chelate. For this reason, Ag doped crystalline-sodium and carbonate-containing HA solutions will be prepared using calcium-EDTA in a sodium phosphate solution, hydrogen peroxide and silver nitrate. As the source of Ag ions, silver nitrate was added into the solution in the desired proportions. Then, the samples were sintered at temperatures from 800oC to 1100oC and characterized with XRD and SEM.

scholarly journals Effect of Saturation and Post Processing on 3D Printed Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamas D. Szucs ◽  
Dermot Brabazon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Solution ◽  
3D Printed

Three dimensional printing was investigated for fabricating hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite scaffolds using calcium phosphate based ceramics and calcium phosphate cement chemistry. Scaffolds were formed by printing an aqueous sodium phosphate solution on the powder bed consisting of a mixture of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) and calcium hydroxide powders. The sodium phosphate solution was functioning as a binder material and also as the initiator of the wet chemical reaction. Compressive mechanical properties of printed samples were examined as a function of saturation level that was inversely proportional to the powder to liquid ratio. To increase mechanical properties and obtain hydroxyapatite and β-TCP composites, the printed samples were sintered. The effect of sintering parameters including dwell time and sintering temperature were also examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine material composition at different stages of the manufacturing process and to confirm the presence of HA and β-TCP in the final stage. The effect of sintering procedure on the surface topology of the samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Oral Sodium Phosphate Solution

Drugs ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (15) ◽  
pp. 1697-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique P Curran ◽  
Greg L Plosker
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Solution ◽  
Oral Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Oral Sodium ◽  
Oral Sodium Phosphate Solution

Efficacy and Safety of an Oral Standard PEG 4000 + Electrolytes Solution Compared to a Sodium Phosphate Solution in the Preparation of Patient for Colonoscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. P132
Author(s):  
Jean Francois Rey ◽  
Jean Stephane Delmotte ◽  
Daniel Gorce ◽  
Jean Luc Larpent ◽  
Stephane Mathieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Solution
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