Regeneration of a Commercial Catalyst for the Dehydrogenation of Isobutane to Isobutene

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1593-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Masoudian ◽  
S. Sadighi ◽  
A. Abbasi ◽  
F. Salehirad ◽  
A. Fazlollahi
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Catalyst

CATALYTIC DESTRUCTION OF AROMATIC VOCs ON SCR-DeNOx COMMERCIAL CATALYST

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Lazar ◽  
Heinz Koser ◽  
Ion Balasanian ◽  
Florin Bandrabur
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Destruction

Preparation of rigid polyurethane foams using low-emission catalysts derived from metal acetates and ethanolamine

e-Polymers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duangruthai Sridaeng ◽  
Wannisa Jitaree ◽  
Preecha Thiampanya ◽  
Nuanphun Chantarasiri
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Gel Time ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Metal Acetate ◽  
Viscous Liquids ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Cu And Zn

AbstractTwo metal acetate-ethanolamine complexes, namely Cu(OAc)2(EA) and Zn(OAc)2(EA), were synthesized from metal acetates [M(OAc)2, where M=Cu and Zn] and ethanolamine (EA). These metal acetate-ethanolamine complexes can be used as catalysts in the preparation of rigid polyurethane (RPUR) foams. Both Cu(OAc)2(EA) and Zn(OAc)2(EA) were obtained as viscous liquids, which have very weak odor and could be easily dissolved in the starting materials of RPUR foam formulation. The results were compared with RPUR foam prepared from dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), which is a commercial catalyst with very strong amine odor. Considering the gel time and rise time, Cu(OAc)2(EA) had higher catalytic activity than Zn(OAc)2(EA) and both metal acetate-ethanolamine complexes had lower catalytic activity than DMCHA. Density and compressive strength of RPUR foam catalyzed by Cu(OAc)2(EA) were comparable to that prepared from DMCHA.

scholarly journals Selectivity and Activity of Iron Molybdate Catalysts in Oxidation of Methanol

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Khazzal Hummadi ◽  
Karim H. Hassan ◽  
Phillip C.H. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Iron Molybdate ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Basic Oxide ◽  
Oxidation Of Methanol ◽  
Patent Literature

The selectivity and activity of iron molybdate catalysts prepared by different methods are compared with those of a commercial catalyst in the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde in a continuous tubular bed reactor at 200-350 oC (473-623 oK), 10 atm (1013 kPa), with a methanol-oxygen mixture fixed at 5.5% by volume methanol: air ratio. The iron(III) molybdate catalyst prepared by co-precipitation and filtration had a selectivity towards formaldehyde in methanol oxidation comparable with a commercial catalyst; maximum selectivity (82.3%) was obtained at 573oK when the conversion was 59.7%. Catalysts prepared by reacting iron (III) and molybdate by kneading or precipitation followed by evaporation, omitting a filtration stage, were less active and less selective. The selectivity-activity relationships of these catalysts as a function of temperature were discussed in relation to the method of preparation, surface areas and composition. By combing this catalytic data with data from the patent literature we demonstrate a synergy between iron and molybdenum in regard to methanol oxidation to formaldehyde; the optimum composition corresponded to an iron mole fraction 0.2-0.3. The selectivity to formaldehyde was practically constant up to an iron mole fraction 0.3 and then decreased at higher iron concentrations. The iron component can be regarded as the activity promoter. The iron molybdate catalysts can thus be related to other two-component MoO3-based selective oxidation catalysts, e.g. bismuth and cobalt molybdates. The iron oxide functions as a relatively basic oxide abstracting, in the rate-controlling step, a proton from the methyl of a bound methoxy group of chemisorbed methanol. It was proposed that a crucial feature of the sought after iron(III) molybdate catalyst is the presence of -O-Mo-O-Fe-O-Mo-O- groups as found in the compound Fe2(MoO4)3 and for Fe3+ well dispersed in MoO3 generally. At the higher iron(III) concentrations the loss of selectivity is due to the presence of iron oxide patches or particles which catalyze the total oxidation of methanol, and the loss of activity to blocking of molybdenum sites. 

scholarly journals Comparison of the Catalytic Performance of Ni/CeO2/ZrO2 and Commercial Catalyst during Steam Reforming of Methane

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1 & 2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Anton Purnomo ◽  
Susan Gellardo ◽  
Leonila Abella ◽  
Hirofumi Hinode ◽  
Chris Salim
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Zro2 Catalyst ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methane

Catalytic performance and characterization of Ni/CeO2/ZrO2 and commercial catalyst from Indonesia were investigated in steam reforming of methane. Ni/CeO2/ZrO2 catalyst was prepared using co-impregnation of cerium nitrate and nickel nitrate onto zirconia support material. BET, SEM, EDS, XRD, TPD, TG, and ICP analyses were employed for the characterization of the catalysts. Remarkable catalytic performance of Ni/CeO2/ZrO2 catalyst at 600oC operating temperature and atmospheric pressure of about 74.9% methane conversion was obtained compared to 55.9% using the commercial catalyst. In addition, the presence of cerium in Ni/CeO2/ZrO2 was effective in improving the stability and resistance to coke formation. Less carbon formation was confirmed from the thermo-gravimetric analysis. These results showed that the prepared catalyst is promising in the industrial application which can be used at lower operation temperature for energy saving.

scholarly journals Fully water-blown polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams with improved mechanical properties prepared from aqueous solution of gelling/ blowing and trimerization catalysts

e-Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjatham Sukkaneewat ◽  
Duangruthai Sridaeng ◽  
Nuanphun Chantarasiri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Wall Panel ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Ammonia Complex ◽  
Catalytic Reactivity

AbstractFully water-blown polyisocyanurate-polyurethane (PIR-PUR) foams with improved mechanical properties have been prepared using aqueous solutions of metal-ammonia complex, Cu(Am) or Zn(Am), as gelling/blowing catalysts and potassium octoate (KOct) solution in diethylene glycol as a trimerization catalyst. Two catalyst mixtures, Cu(Am)+KOct and Zn(Am)+KOct, were obtained as homogeneous aqueous solutions. In comparison to commercial catalyst system, DMCHA+KOct (DMCHA = N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine), Cu(Am) and Zn(Am) could be miscible with KOct solution and water easier than DMCHA. This miscibility improvement led Cu(Am)+KOct and Zn(Am)+KOct to show faster catalytic reactivity in PIR-PUR foam reactions than DMCHA+KOct. All obtained PIR-PUR foams showed self-extinguishing properties and achieved HF1 materials. However, PIR-PUR foams prepared from Cu(Am)+KOct and Zn(Am)+KOct at NCO:OH ratio of 2:1 had suitable density for industrial applications and showed higher compressive strength than that prepared from DMCHA+KOct. These foams have high potential to apply as insulations for constructions, core laminates in wall panel or storage tanks.

scholarly journals The Prospects for Processing Reservoir Oil Sludge into Hydrocarbons by Low-Temperature Hydrogenation in Sorbing Electrochemical Matrices in Comparison with Conventional High-Temperature Hydrocracking

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5362
Author(s):  
Anton Maximov ◽  
Aslan Tsivadze ◽  
Alexander Fridman ◽  
Tatyana Kuchinskaya ◽  
Alexander Novikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Yield Of Light Fractions

In this paper, we developed an effective method for purifying oil sludge using a sorbing electrochemical matrix and assessed the prospects of this method in comparison with conventional hydrocracking. We synthesized Ni-W supported hydrocracking catalysts with different morphology and studied their activity under various conditions, we compared the obtained catalysts with commercial catalyst SGK-5. We demonstrated that the introduction of a secondary mesoporous structure in the catalyst leads to an increase in the yield of light fractions to 52 wt.%. The possibility is demonstrated to obtain hydrocarbons from reservoir oil sludge, dispersed into an aqueous solution of detergent, by the method of low-temperature hydrogenation in sorbing electrochemical matrices. The obtained product was characterized by low viscosity, low content of transition metals (<320 ppm), and sulphur (<260 ppm).

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Catalyst Durability in Absence and Presence of Toluene Impurity: Case of the Material Co2Ni2Mg2Al2 Mixed Oxide Prepared by Hydrotalcite Route in Methane Dry Reforming to Produce Energy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Carole Tanios ◽  
Cédric Gennequin ◽  
Madona Labaki ◽  
Haingomalala Lucette Tidahy ◽  
Antoine Aboukaïs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Mixed Oxide ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Sites ◽  
Catalyst Durability ◽  
Catalytic Performances

Ni, Co, Mg, and Al mixed-oxide solids, synthesized via the hydrotalcite route, were investigated in previous works toward the dry reforming of methane for hydrogen production. The oxide Co2Ni2Mg2Al2 calcined at 800 °C, Co2Ni2Mg2Al2800, showed the highest catalytic activity in the studied series, which was ascribable to an interaction between Ni and Co, which is optimal for this Co/Ni ratio. In the present study, Co2Ni2Mg2Al2800 was compared to a commercial catalyst widely used in the industry, Ni(50%)/Al2O3, and showed better activity despite its lower number of active sites, as well as lower amounts of carbon on its surface, i.e. less deactivation. In addition to this, Co2Ni2Mg2Al2800 showed stability for 20 h under stream during the dry reforming of methane. This good durability is attributed to a periodic cycle of carbon deposition and removal as well as to the strong interaction between Ni and Co, preventing the deactivation of the catalyst. The evaluation of the catalytic performances in the presence of toluene, which is an impurity that exists in biogas, is also a part of this work. In the presence of toluene, the catalytic activity of Co2Ni2Mg2Al2800 decreases, and higher carbon formation on the catalyst surface is detected. Toluene adsorption on catalytic sites, side reactions performed by toluene, and the competition between toluene and methane in the reaction with carbon dioxide are the main reasons for such results.

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