Aluminum-Doped Zirconia-Supported Copper Nanocatalysts: Surface Synergistic Catalytic Effects in the Gas-Phase Hydrogenation of Esters

ChemCatChem ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3501-3510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Hu ◽  
Guoli Fan ◽  
Lan Yang ◽  
Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Catalytic Effects

Inhibition phenomena in the decomposition of di- t -butyl peroxide

1961 ◽  
Vol 261 (1306) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Butyl Peroxide ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Catalytic Effects ◽  
Limiting Value

Carbon tetrachloride vapour accelerates the gas phase decomposition of di- t -butyl peroxide, the rate constant k n, z , for a given pressure, n , of the peroxide rising with the chloride pressure, x , to a limiting value k n, ∞ . The normal products of the reaction are somewhat changed, acetone being still a major product but methane largely replacing ethane while methyl chloride and probably iso -butene oxide also appear. The effects of the carbon tetrachloride can be largely inhibited by the addition of ammonia, propylene or iso -butene. Similar phenomena are observed with certain other chlorine compounds, and the accelerations are now interpreted in terms of a chain reaction involving chlorine atoms. Acceleration of the peroxide decomposition is also caused by silicon tetrafluoride, sulphur hexafluoride or fluoroform. Propylene considerably inhibits the actions of these compounds and ammonia slightly. Although the interpretation is less certain, it seems likely that the catalytic effects of the fluorides are at least partly due to chemical chain processes.

Residual Gas Reactions in the Electron Microscope: I. Qualitative Observations on the Water Gas Reaction

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Richard E. Hartman ◽  
Roberta S. Hartman ◽  
Peter L. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Gas Reactions ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Thinning Rate

The action of water and the electron beam on organic specimens in the electron microscope results in the removal of oxidizable material (primarily hydrogen and carbon) by reactions similar to the water gas reaction .which has the form:The energy required to force the reaction to the right is supplied by the interaction of the electron beam with the specimen.The mass of water striking the specimen is given by:where u = gH2O/cm2 sec, PH2O = partial pressure of water in Torr, & T = absolute temperature of the gas phase. If it is assumed that mass is removed from the specimen by a reaction approximated by (1) and that the specimen is uniformly thinned by the reaction, then the thinning rate in A/ min iswhere x = thickness of the specimen in A, t = time in minutes, & E = efficiency (the fraction of the water striking the specimen which reacts with it).

Integration of Core-Edge Spectroscopy Methods for the Study of Polymers

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
E. G. Rightor
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Core Electron ◽  
Bulk Solids ◽  
Development Application

Core edge spectroscopy methods are versatile tools for investigating a wide variety of materials. They can be used to probe the electronic states of materials in bulk solids, on surfaces, or in the gas phase. This family of methods involves promoting an inner shell (core) electron to an excited state and recording either the primary excitation or secondary decay of the excited state. The techniques are complimentary and have different strengths and limitations for studying challenging aspects of materials. The need to identify components in polymers or polymer blends at high spatial resolution has driven development, application, and integration of results from several of these methods.

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