scholarly journals Leech therapy of nipple‐areolar complex (NAC) congestion in reduction mammoplasty: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Vasei ◽  
Katayoun Jahangiri
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Reduction Mammoplasty ◽  
Nipple Areolar Complex ◽  
Leech Therapy ◽  
Areolar Complex

Eczematous Lesion of Nipple and Areola Treated with Individualised Homoeopathic Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poulamy Singha Roy ◽  
Anupam Hazra ◽  
Pritam Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Nipple Areolar Complex ◽  
Areolar Complex ◽  
Uncommon Presentation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

AbstractBreast and nipple–areolar complex has its own functional, sexual and cosmetic values. The skin around nipple and areola is prone to develop several kinds of infections during different stages of life ranging from mild-to-moderate dermatitis to neoplastic growths. Lack of knowledge of the patients about breast hygiene and the spectrum of the breast diseases among medical practitioners renders prompt diagnosis; hence, it develops several complications from its own array. Apparently, an uncommon presentation of dermatitis sometimes causes several complications at different stages of life and mostly during the period of lactation where the newborn suffers as a consequence of mother's illness. In this case, a female patient approached our outpatient department with complaints of itching and burning of nipple and areola with occasional discharge, which was diagnosed as eczema of nipple and areola after clinical examination. Initially, we started our treatment with Sulphur 30 and from then patient showed gradual improvement. Within a period of 1 month, patient showed promising improvement and it took 2 more months to subside other residual complaints. This case report not only portrays effectiveness of individualised homeopathy but also focuses on the cost-effectiveness of homeopathic treatments.

Experience and outcomes of nipple-sparing mastectomy following reduction mammoplasty.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
Michael Alperovich ◽  
Keith M. Blechman ◽  
Fares Samra ◽  
Richard Shapiro ◽  
Deborah M. Axelrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Reduction Mammoplasty ◽  
Nipple Areolar Complex ◽  
Implant Complications ◽  
Areolar Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nipple Sparing Mastectomy ◽  
Nipple Sparing

193 Background: Breast cancer resection strives for less radical approaches that offer superior aesthetic results without compromising oncologic safety. Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has gained popularity, but usually has been offered to smaller breasted and minimally ptotic women without history of extensive breast surgery. We present a series of nine nipple-sparing mastectomies following reduction mammoplasty. Methods: Charts of patients who underwent NSM following reduction mammoplasty at the NYU Medical Center from 2006 through 2011 were reviewed. Outcomes measured include post-operative complications, breast cancer recurrence, presence of cancer in the nipple-areolar complex, and nipple-areolar complex viability. Results: In total, the records of 235 (145 prophylactic, 90 therapeutic) NSM patients at NYU Medical Center were reviewed. Six patients for a total of 9 breasts had NSM following reduction mammoplasty. This subset of patients had a mean age of 46.2, mean BMI of 25.1, no history of diabetes and 1 smoker. Seven of 9 breasts were therapeutic resections and 2 of 9 were prophylactic. Time elapsed between reduction mammoplasty and NSM ranged from 33 days to 11 years. The majority of resections were in Stage 0 patients (6/9) with 1/9 in Stage I and 2/9 in Stage IIA. In all cases, prior reduction mammoplasty incisions were utilized for NSM. Eight patients were reconstructed immediately with tissue expanders, and 1 patient had a latissimus dorsi flap with immediate implant. Complications included 1 hematoma requiring evacuation and 1 displaced implant requiring revision. There were no positive subareolar biopsies and 100% nipple viability. Mean follow-up time was 9.4 months. Conclusions: Our experience demonstrates that NSM can be offered following reduction mammoplasty with comparable reconstructive outcomes to NSM alone. Reduction mammoplasty followed by NSM has potential as a reconstructive tool in prophylactic cases unsuited for primary NSM.

scholarly journals Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of nipple and breast candidiasis: A review of the relationship between diagnoses of mammary candidiasis and Candida albicans in breastfeeding women

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174550652110314
Author(s):  
Pamela Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Breast Pain ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Nipple Areolar Complex ◽  
Areolar Complex ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Breastfeeding mothers commonly experience nipple pain accompanied by radiating, stabbing or constant breast pain between feeds, sometimes associated with pink shiny nipple epithelium and white flakes of skin. Current guidelines diagnose these signs and symptoms as mammary candidiasis and stipulate antifungal medications. Aim: This study reviews existing research into the relationship between Candida albicans and nipple and breast pain in breastfeeding women who have been diagnosed with mammary candidiasis; whether fluconazole is an effective treatment; and the presence of C. albicans in the human milk microbiome. Method: The author conducted three searches to investigate (a) breastfeeding-related pain and C. albicans; (b) the efficacy of fluconazole in breastfeeding-related pain; and (c) composition of the human milk mycobiome. These findings are critiqued and integrated in a narrative review. Results: There is little evidence to support the hypothesis that Candida spp, including C. albicans, in maternal milk or on the nipple-areolar complex causes the signs and symptoms popularly diagnosed as mammary candidiasis. There is no evidence that antifungal treatments are any more effective than the passage of time in women with these symptoms. Candida spp including C. albicans are commonly identified in healthy human milk and nipple-areolar complex mycobiomes. Discussion: Clinical breastfeeding support remains a research frontier. The human milk microbiome, which includes a mycobiome, interacts with the microbiomes of the infant mouth and nipple-areolar complex, including their mycobiomes, to form protective ecosystems. Topical or oral antifungals may disrupt immunoprotective microbial homeostasis. Unnecessary use contributes to the serious global problem of antifungal resistance. Conclusion: Antifungal treatment is rarely indicated and prolonged courses cannot be justified in breastfeeding women experiencing breast and nipple pain. Multiple strategies for stabilizing microbiome feedback loops when nipple and breast pain emerge are required, in order to avoid overtreatment of breastfeeding mothers and their infants with antifungal medications.

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