scholarly journals A rare and important case of Staphylococcus haemolyticus -associated ventricular atrial shunt nephritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2012-2016
Author(s):  
Kyle Suen ◽  
Ardavan Mashhadian ◽  
Ian Figarsky ◽  
Jeff Payumo ◽  
Antonio Liu
Keyword(s):  
Important Case ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Atrial Shunt ◽  
Shunt Nephritis

scholarly journals Ventriculo-atrial shunt nephritis

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (683) ◽  
pp. 566-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Searle ◽  
H. A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Shunt ◽  
Shunt Nephritis

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

scholarly journals Ethnicity, Exclusion, and Exams: Education Policy and Politics in Burundi from the Independent Republics to the Civil War (1966–1993)

2021 ◽  
pp. 000203972110235
Author(s):  
Emily Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Inequality In Education ◽  
Perceptions Of Inequality ◽  
Ethnicity And Politics

Education policy can embed ethnic inequalities in a country. Education in Burundi, with its historically exclusive political institutions and education, represents an important case for understanding these interactions. In this article, I interview twelve Burundians about how they experienced and perceived ethnicity and politics in their schooling from 1966 to 1993. I argue that education contributed to tangible and perceived social hierarchies based on ethnic inequalities. I show that this exclusion reflected both overt and covert policy goals, through proxies used to identify ethnicity in schools and through the exclusive nature of national exams at the time, which promoted members of the Tutsi minority at the expense of the majority Hutus. This study has implications for understanding how perceptions of inequality in education manifest as grievances against the state. It sheds light on the importance of understanding covert education policy as a potential mechanism for generating exclusion and contributing to conflict.

Partial Higher-Order Specifications1

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Egidio Astesiano ◽  
Maura Cerioli
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Deduction System ◽  
Closure Properties ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Conditional Specification ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

In this paper the classes of extensional models of higher-order partial conditional specifications are studied, with the emphasis on the closure properties of these classes. Further it is shown that any equationally complete inference system for partial conditional specifications may be extended to an inference system for partial higher-order conditional specifications, which is equationally complete w.r.t. the class of all extensional models. Then, applying some previous results, a deduction system is proposed, equationally complete for the class of extensional models of a partial conditional specification. Finally, turning the attention to the special important case of termextensional models, it is first shown a sound and equationally complete inference system and then necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of free models, which are also free in the class of term-generated extensional models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document