The external field intravascular electromagnetic flowmeter system as applied to standard arteriographic catheters and conscious humans

1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex N. Macalpin ◽  
Alexander Kolin ◽  
Justin J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
External Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmeter ◽  
Flowmeter System

Ground states for the ising model with an external field on the Cayley tree

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
M.M. Rakhmatullaev ◽  
M.A. Rasulova
Keyword(s):  
Ising Model ◽  
External Field ◽  
Cayley Tree ◽  
Ground States

scholarly journals Magnetofluidic mixing of a ferrofluid droplet under the influence of a time-dependent external field

2021 ◽  
Vol 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Shyam ◽  
Pranab Kumar Mondal ◽  
Balkrishna Mehta
Keyword(s):  
External Field ◽  
Time Dependent

Abstract

scholarly journals A unified perturbative approach to electrocaloric effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Graf ◽  
Jorge Íñiguez
Keyword(s):  
External Field ◽  
Taylor Series ◽  
Physical Interpretation ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Atomistic Simulations ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Electrocaloric Effect ◽  
Perturbative Approach ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Straightforward Interpretation

AbstractThe electrocaloric effect, that is, the temperature change experienced by an insulator upon application of an electric field, offers promising ecofriendly alternatives to refrigeration. However, the theoretical treatments of this response are mostly case specific and lack a unified picture revealing the similarities and differences among the various known effects. Here, we show that the electrocaloric effect lends itself to a straightforward interpretation when expressed as a Taylor series in the external field. Our formalism explains in a unified and simple way the most notable small-field effects reported in the literature, namely the so-called normal and inverse electrocaloric responses, corresponding to an increase or decrease of temperature under applied field, as usually found in ferroelectrics or antiferroelectrics, respectively. This helps us to clarify their physical interpretation. We then discuss in detail atomistic simulations for the prototype ferroelectric PbTiO3, explicitly evaluating subtle predictions of the theory, such as the occurrence of competing contributions to the electrocaloric response.

Two-Dimensional Symmetrical Mixtures in an External Field of Square Symmetry

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Patrykiejew ◽  
S. Sokołowski
Keyword(s):  
External Field ◽  
Two Dimensional
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