How do active case-finding strategies affect tuberculosis case detection rates in primary care and community settings?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Burch ◽  
Michael Eisenhut
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Active Case

scholarly journals Acceptability of active case finding with a seed-and-recruit model to improve tuberculosis case detection and linkage to treatment in Cambodia: A qualitative study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0210919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Alvin Kuo Jing Teo ◽  
Danielle Cazabon ◽  
Say Sok ◽  
Mengieng Ung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Active Case

Utilizing chest X-ray based active case finding approach for early tuberculosis case detection in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifa Habib ◽  
Kiran Azeemi ◽  
S. M. Asad Zaidi ◽  
Wafa Jamal ◽  
Talha Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Chest X Ray

scholarly journals Acceptability of active case finding with a seed-and-recruit model to improve tuberculosis case detection and linkage to treatment in Cambodia: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Alvin Kuo Jing Teo ◽  
Danielle Cazabon ◽  
Say Sok ◽  
Mengieng Ung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Active Case ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractBackgroundWith support of the national tuberculosis (TB) program, KHANA has implemented an innovative approach using a seed-and-recruit model to actively find TB cases in the community. The intervention engaged community members including TB survivors to recruit people with TB symptoms in a ‘snowball’ approach for screening and linkage to treatment. This study aims to explore the acceptability of active case finding with the seed-and-recruit model in detecting new TB cases and determine the characteristics of successful seeds.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in four provinces (Banteay Meanchey, Kampong Chhnang, Siem Reap, and Takeo) in Cambodia in 2017. Fifty six in-depth interviews and ten focus group discussions were conducted to gain insights into the acceptability, strengths, and challenges in implementing the model. Transcripts were coded and content analyses were performed.ResultsThe seed-and-recruit active case finding model was generally well-received by the study participants. They saw the benefits of engaging TB survivors and utilize their social network to find new TB cases in the community. The social embeddedness of the model within the local community was one of the major strengths. The success of the model also hinges on the integration with existing health facilities. Having extensive social network, being motivated, and having good knowledge about TB were important characteristics of successful seeds. Study participants reported challenges in motivating the recruits for screening, logistic capacities, and high workload during implementation. However, there was a general consensus that the model ought to be expanded.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the seed-and-recruit model should be fine-tuned and scaled up as part of the national TB Program to increase TB new case detection in Cambodia. Further studies are needed to more comprehensively evaluate the impacts and cost-effectiveness of the model in Cambodia as well as in other resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Adapting active case-finding for TB during the COVID-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
G. Chan ◽  
R. Triasih ◽  
B. Nababan ◽  
P. du Cros ◽  
N. Wilks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Potential Strategy

The COVID-19 pandemic and response measures, including lockdowns and the reorientation of health services, have disrupted essential health services for other diseases, including TB, HIV and malaria. For TB, reductions in case detection due to the COVID-19 pandemic are projected to result in increased TB transmission, morbidity and mortality. Active case-finding (ACF) for TB using community-based approaches is a potential strategy to offset reductions in TB detection by obviating the need for patients to seek care at a health facility. A number of approaches can be used to conduct TB ACF safely and screen designated target populations while managing the risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for staff, individuals and the community. We present a framework of options for and experience of adapting TB ACF services in response to the challenges of COVID-19 in our programme in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Key changes have included revised prioritisation of target populations focusing on household contacts, reducing case-finding throughput, implementation of additional infection control measures and precautions, and integration of COVID-19 screening among those being screened for TB. Our approach could inform other programmes seeking to adapt TB ACF services to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 on TB case detection.

scholarly journals Do community-based active case-finding interventions have indirect impacts on wider TB case detection and determinants of subsequent TB testing behaviour? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. e0000088
Author(s):  
Helena R. A. Feasey ◽  
Rachael M. Burke ◽  
Marriott Nliwasa ◽  
Lelia H. Chaisson ◽  
Jonathan E. Golub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Notification

Community-based active case-finding (ACF) may have important impacts on routine TB case-detection and subsequent patient-initiated diagnosis pathways, contributing “indirectly” to infectious diseases prevention and care. We investigated the impact of ACF beyond directly diagnosed patients for TB, using routine case-notification rate (CNR) ratios as a measure of indirect effect. We systematically searched for publications 01-Jan-1980 to 13-Apr-2020 reporting on community-based ACF interventions compared to a comparison group, together with review of linked manuscripts reporting knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) outcomes or qualitative data on TB testing behaviour. We calculated CNR ratios of routine case-notifications (i.e. excluding cases identified directly through ACF) and compared proxy behavioural outcomes for both ACF and comparator communities. Full text manuscripts from 988 of 23,883 abstracts were screened for inclusion; 36 were eligible. Of these, 12 reported routine notification rates separately from ACF intervention-attributed rates, and one reported any proxy behavioural outcomes. Two further studies were identified from screening 1121 abstracts for linked KAP/qualitative manuscripts. 8/12 case-notification studies were considered at critical or serious risk of bias. 8/11 non-randomised studies reported bacteriologically-confirmed CNR ratios between 0.47 (95% CI:0.41–0.53) and 0.96 (95% CI:0.94–0.97), with 7/11 reporting all-form CNR ratios between 0.96 (95% CI:0.88–1.05) and 1.09 (95% CI:1.02–1.16). One high-quality randomised-controlled trial reported a ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 0.91–1.43). KAP/qualitative manuscripts provided insufficient evidence to establish the impact of ACF on subsequent TB testing behaviour. ACF interventions with routine CNR ratios >1 suggest an indirect effect on wider TB case-detection, potentially due to impact on subsequent TB testing behaviour through follow-up after a negative ACF test or increased TB knowledge. However, data on this type of impact are rarely collected. Evaluation of routine case-notification, testing and proxy behavioural outcomes in intervention and comparator communities should be included as standard methodology in future ACF campaign study designs.

scholarly journals Expanding Tuberculosis Case Detection by Screening Household Contacts

2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes C. Becerra ◽  
Iliana F. Pachao-Torreblanca ◽  
Jaime Bayona ◽  
Rosa Celi ◽  
Sonya S. Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Household Contacts

Objectives. Tuberculosis (TB) case detection remains low in many countries, compromising the efficacy of TB control efforts. Current global TB control policy emphasizes case finding through sputum smear microscopy for patients who self-report to primary health centers. Our objective was to assess the feasibility and yield of a simple active case finding strategy in a high incidence population in northern Lima, Peru. Methods. We implemented this pilot strategy in one health center's catchment area. Health workers visited household contacts of new TB case subjects to identify symptomatic individuals and collect sputum for screening. Neighboring households were screened in the same manner. Secondary analyses measured risk of TB by ( 1) sputum smear status of the index case subject, ( 2) compliance with testing, and ( 3) risk factors for disease detected through active contact tracing in contrast to self-report. Results. The TB prevalence detected through combined active and passive case finding among 1,094 household contacts was 0.91% (914 per 100,000), much higher than with passive case finding alone (0.18%; 183 per 100,000; p=0.02). Among 2,258 neighbors, the combined strategy detected a TB prevalence of 0.22% (221 per 100,000) in contrast to 0.08% (80 per 100,000) detected through passive case finding alone ( p=0.25). Risk factors for being diagnosed through active case finding in contrast with self-report included age >55 years (odds ratio [OR]=5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 22.8) and female gender (OR=3.9; 95% CI 0.99, 22.3). Conclusions. Risk of active TB among symptomatic household contacts of active case subjects in this community is very high. Results suggest that contact tracing in such settings may be a powerful means of improving case detection rates for active TB disease.

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