How does health education improve childhood immunization coverage in low- and middle-income countries?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sera Tort ◽  
Michael Eisenhut
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Finding Children with High Risk of Non-Vaccination in 92 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Decision Tree Approach

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Thiago M. Santos ◽  
Bianca O. Cata-Preta ◽  
Cesar G. Victora ◽  
Aluisio J. D. Barros
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Tree Approach ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Reducing vaccination inequalities is a key goal of the Immunization Agenda 2030. Our main objective was to identify high-risk groups of children who received no vaccines (zero-dose children). A decision tree approach was used for 92 low- and middle-income countries using data from Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, allowing the identification of groups of children aged 12–23 months at high risk of being zero dose (no doses of the four basic vaccines—BCG, polio, DPT and measles). Three high-risk groups were identified in the analysis combining all countries. The group with the highest zero-dose prevalence (42%) included 4% of all children, but almost one in every four zero-dose children in the sample. It included children whose mothers did not receive the tetanus vaccine during and before the pregnancy, who had no antenatal care visits and who did not deliver in a health facility. Separate analyses by country presented similar results. Children who have been missed by vaccination services were also left out by other primary health care interventions, especially those related to antenatal and delivery care. There is an opportunity for better integration among services in order to achieve high and equitable immunization coverage.

scholarly journals Systematic review of the costs and effectiveness of interventions to increase infant vaccination coverage in low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Munk ◽  
Allison Portnoy ◽  
Christian Suharlim ◽  
Emma Clarke-Deelder ◽  
Logan Brenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background In recent years, several large studies have assessed the costs of national infant immunization programs, and the results of these studies are used to support planning and budgeting in low- and middle-income countries. However, few studies have addressed the costs and cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve immunization coverage, despite this being a major focus of policy attention. Without this information, countries and international stakeholders have little objective evidence on the efficiency of competing interventions for improving coverage. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review on the costs and cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve immunization coverage in low- and middle-income countries, including both published and unpublished reports. We evaluated the quality of included studies and extracted data on costs and incremental coverage. Where possible, we calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) to describe the efficiency of each intervention in increasing coverage. Results A total of 14 out of 41 full text articles reviewed met criteria for inclusion in the final review. Interventions for increasing immunization coverage included demand generation, modified delivery approaches, cash transfer programs, health systems strengthening, and novel technology usage. We observed substantial heterogeneity in costing methods and incompleteness of cost and coverage reporting. Most studies reported increases in coverage following the interventions, with coverage increasing by an average of 23 percentage points post-intervention across studies. ICERs ranged from $0.66 to $161.95 per child vaccinated in 2017 USD. We did not conduct a meta-analysis given the small number of estimates and variety of interventions included. Conclusions There is little quantitative evidence on the costs and cost-effectiveness of interventions for improving immunization coverage, despite this being a major objective for national immunization programs. Efforts to improve the level of costing evidence—such as by integrating cost analysis within implementation studies and trials of immunization scale up—could allow programs to better allocate resources for coverage improvement. Greater adoption of standardized cost reporting methods would also enable the synthesis and use of cost data.

scholarly journals Inequalities in full immunization coverage: trends in low- and middle-income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 794-805A ◽  
Author(s):  
María Clara Restrepo-Méndez ◽  
Aluísio JD Barros ◽  
Kerry LM Wong ◽  
Hope L Johnson ◽  
George Pariyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Full Immunization ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio S. Solís Arce ◽  
Shana S. Warren ◽  
Niccolò F. Meriggi ◽  
Alexandra Scacco ◽  
Nina McMurry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractWidespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.3%; median 78%; range 30.1 percentage points) compared with the United States (mean 64.6%) and Russia (mean 30.4%). Vaccine acceptance in LMICs is primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against COVID-19, while concern about side effects is the most common reason for hesitancy. Health workers are the most trusted sources of guidance about COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from this sample of LMICs suggests that prioritizing vaccine distribution to the Global South should yield high returns in advancing global immunization coverage. Vaccination campaigns should focus on translating the high levels of stated acceptance into actual uptake. Messages highlighting vaccine efficacy and safety, delivered by healthcare workers, could be effective for addressing any remaining hesitancy in the analyzed LMICs.

scholarly journals Return On Investment From Childhood Immunization In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, 2011–20

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Ozawa ◽  
Samantha Clark ◽  
Allison Portnoy ◽  
Simrun Grewal ◽  
Logan Brenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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