Mineralization initiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast is suppressed under simulated microgravity condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-fang Hu ◽  
Jing-bao Li ◽  
Ai-rong Qian ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Peng Shang
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Microgravity Condition

scholarly journals Effects of Simulated Microgravity on Ultrastructure and Apoptosis of Choroidal Vascular Endothelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Zhao ◽  
Yuanyuan Shi ◽  
Changyu Qiu ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Yubo Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

BackgroundIt was confirmed that simulated microgravity (SMG) led to ultrastructural alterations and apoptosis in many types of microvascular endothelial cells. However, whether SMG would also affect choroidal vascular endothelial cells (CVECs) remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effects of SMG on ultrastructure and apoptosis of CVECs.MethodsThe rotary cell culture system (RCCS) was utilized to simulate microgravity condition. Human CVECs were cultured under normal gravity (NG) or SMG condition for 3 days. The ultrastructure was viewed under transmission electron microscopy, and the organization of F-actin was observed by immunofluorescence staining. Additionally, the apoptosis percentage was calculated using flow cytometry. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of BAX, Bcl-2, Caspase3, Cytochrome C, p-AKT, and p-PI3K were detected with quantitative PCR and Western blot at different exposure time.ResultsIn the SMG group, CVECs presented with a shrunk cell body, chromatin condensation and margination, mitochondria vacuolization, and apoptotic bodies. The amount of F-actin decreased, and the filaments of F-actin were sparse or even partly discontinuous after cultivation under SMG for 72 h. The proportions of apoptotic CVECs in SMG groups at 24 and 72 h were significantly higher than those in the NG group (P < 0.001). The mRNA and protein expression of Bax, Caspase3, and Cytochrome C of CVECs in SMG groups at 24 and 72 h significantly increased than those of the NG group, respectively (P < 0.001). The alterations of p-AKT and p-PI3K protein expression possessed similar trends. On the contrary, the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 in CVECs under SMG at 24 and 72 h were significantly less than that of the NG group, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionSimulated microgravity conditions can lead the alterations of the F-actin structure and apoptosis of CVECs. The Bcl-2 apoptosis pathway and PI3K/AKT pathway may participate in the damage of CVECs caused by SMG.

scholarly journals Decreased biofilm formation in Proteus mirabilis after short-term exposure to a simulated microgravity environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Wang ◽  
Po Bai ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Xiaolei Su ◽  
Xuege Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Background Microbes threaten human health in space exploration. Studies have shown that Proteus mirabilis has been found in human space habitats. In addition, the biological characteristics of P. mirabilis in space have been studied unconditionally. The simulated microgravity environment provides a platform for understanding the changes in the biological characteristics of P. mirabilis. Objective This study intends to explore the effect of simulated microgravity on P. mirabilis, the formation of P. mirabilis biofilm, and its related mechanism. Methods The strange deformable rods were cultured continuously for 14 days under microgravity simulated in high-aspect rotating vessels (HARVs). The morphology, growth rate, metabolism, and biofilm formation of the strain were measured, and the phenotypic changes of P. mirabilis were evaluated. Transcriptome sequencing was used to detect differentially expressed genes under simulated microgravity and compared with phenotype. Results The growth rate, metabolic ability, and biofilm forming ability of P. mirabilis were lower than those of normal gravity culture under the condition of simulated microgravity. Further analysis showed that the decrease of growth rate, metabolic ability, and biofilm forming ability may be caused by the downregulation of related genes (pstS, sodB, and fumC). Conclusion The simulated microgravity condition enables us to explore the potential relationship between bacterial phenotype and molecular biology, thus opening up a suitable and constructive method for medical fields that have not been explored before. It provides a certain strategy for the treatment of P. mirabilis infectious diseases in space environment by exploring the microgravity of P. mirabilis.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular dynamics among differently trained individuals during simulated microgravity exposure in the form of head-down tilt

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
S Mandal ◽  
R Pipraiya ◽  
B Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Cardiovascular Dynamics ◽  
Human Morphology

Introduction: Human morphology and physiology are not designed inherently to function in microgravity. Hence, exposure to hypo or microgravity, as it occurs during space exploration, poses challenges in the form of peculiar adaptive physiological processes in healthy astronauts. These changes may vary (to a certain extent) depending on type of physical fitness (namely, aerobic or anaerobic) and may have definitive impact on short duration space mission. The study aimed to examine the cardiovascular dynamics during short duration exposure to simulated microgravity condition in differently trained individuals. Material and Methods: Temporal variations in body fluid distribution were studied during 6° head-down tilt (HDT) for 4-hours in 31 healthy males in age range of 20–40 years divided into three groups based on their physical training, namely; resistance trained (RT), endurance trained (ET), and untrained (UT). This was based on their history of physical training, VO2 max, and peak anaerobic power. Results: Heart rate in the ET group and RT group showed increasing and decreasing trend respectively, however, statistically remained non-significant. Systolic and diastolic pressures showed a significant increase in the ET group at the 4th h of HDT as compared to baseline and the 1st h. No significant variation in pulse pressure could be seen. Mean arterial pressures showed significant increase in the ET group at the 4th h of HDT as compared to baseline and the 1st h of HDT. Stroke volume and cardiac output did not vary significantly. Conclusion: ET individuals in the present study demonstrated decreased sensitivity of baroreceptors than RT or UT individuals, whereas, the RT group demonstrated more stability/resilience in terms of cardiovascular dynamics than ET and UT groups under exposure to short duration simulated microgravity.

scholarly journals Cytoskeleton Modifications and Autophagy Induction in TCam-2 Seminoma Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ferranti ◽  
Maria Caruso ◽  
Marcella Cammarota ◽  
Maria Grazia Masiello ◽  
Katia Corano Scheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Cell Architecture ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Cytoskeleton Remodeling

The study of how mechanical forces may influence cell behavior via cytoskeleton remodeling is a relevant challenge of nowadays that may allow us to define the relationship between mechanics and biochemistry and to address the larger problem of biological complexity. An increasing amount of literature data reported that microgravity condition alters cell architecture as a consequence of cytoskeleton structure modifications. Herein, we are reporting the morphological, cytoskeletal, and behavioral modifications due to the exposition of a seminoma cell line (TCam-2) to simulated microgravity. Even if no differences in cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed after 24 hours of exposure to simulated microgravity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the change of gravity vector significantly affects TCam-2 cell surface morphological appearance. Consistent with this observation, we found that microtubule orientation is altered by microgravity. Moreover, the confocal analysis of actin microfilaments revealed an increase in the cell width induced by the low gravitational force. Microtubules and microfilaments have been related to autophagy modulation and, interestingly, we found a significant autophagic induction in TCam-2 cells exposed to simulated microgravity. This observation is of relevant interest because it shows, for the first time, TCam-2 cell autophagy as a biological response induced by a mechanical stimulus instead of a biochemical one.

Study of Two-Phase Flow in Simulated Microgravity Condition

Space 2005 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Ishii ◽  
Shilp Vasavada ◽  
Xiadong Sun ◽  
Walter Duval
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

scholarly journals Effects of simulated microgravity on rice (MR219) growth and yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Athirah Zulkifli ◽  
Teoh Chin Chuang ◽  
Ong Keat Khim ◽  
Ummul Fahri Abdul Rauf ◽  
Norliza Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Rice Tungro Disease ◽  
Rice Seeds

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food in many Asian countries with an ever increasing demand. However, the production of high quality rice seeds is insufficient to meet this demand. Research on plant growth in space related to the exposure of a microgravity environment are rare, costly and time-limited. Similar experiments can be conducted on the ground to simulate the microgravity condition using a 2-D clinostat which compensates for the unilateral influence of gravity. This study was conducted to establish a simple and cost effective technique to enhance the quality of the Malaysian rice seed variety MR 219 by using a 2-D clinostat and to determine the effects of simulated microgravity on the growth and yield of the rice seeds. The experiments were performed at different rotation speeds (2 rpm and 10 rpm) for 10 days at room temperature. The rice growth and yield parameters were measured every 2 weeks and at harvest time (day 110), respectively.  The data were analysed using the MINITAB statistical software package. The mean value estimates of the parameters obtained under different conditions were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Tukey test for multiple comparisons using a 0.05 significance level. Significant differences in the number of tiller, stem width , chlorophyll content , weight of grains and panicles and total grain weight per plant were identified at rotation speed 10 rpm  when compared to rotation speed 2 rpm and control. The highest means were mainly obtained under 10 rpm clinorotated rice seeds. In general, plants grown from 10 rpm clinorotated seeds are also more resistant to rice diseases (rice blast disease, rice tungro disease and hopper burn). These results suggest that simulated microgravity using a 2-D clinostat affected several rice (MR219) growth and yield parameters significantly. 

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