Tryptamine and dimethyltryptamine inhibit indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and increase the tumor-reactive effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Cavalheiro Tourino ◽  
Edson Mendes de Oliveira ◽  
Luziane Potrich Bellé ◽  
Franciele Hinterholz Knebel ◽  
Renata Chaves Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Reactive Effect

Neopterin suppresses the activity of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Pteridines ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schroecksnadel ◽  
Elena-Sophia Ledjeff ◽  
Johanna Gostner ◽  
Christiana Winkler ◽  
Katharina Kurz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ

AbstractIn vitro, large amounts of neopterin are released from human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells primarily upon stimulation with Th1-type cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ). IFN-γ also induces the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which degrades tryptophan (TRP) to form kynurenine (KYN). IDO-mediated TRP catabolism is very effective in suppressing the proliferation of T lymphocytes as well as of pathogens in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether exogenously added neopterin may influence IDO activity in resting and in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC were isolated from healthy donors, and neopterin was added in a concentration range from 0.01 to 50 μmol/L. After 30 min, PBMC were stimulated or not with 10 μg/mL of mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). After 48 h, culture supernatants were collected, KYN and TRP concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the ratio of KYN vs. TRP was calculated as an estimate of IDO activity. Spontaneous as well as PHA-induced TRP breakdown was suppressed by exogenously added neopterin in a dose-dependent way; the lowest active concentration of neopterin was <100 nmol/L. As neopterin concentrations in the nanomolar range are commonly observed in patients suffering from infections, sepsis, or uremia, our results suggest that neopterin formation might also serve as a feedback mechanism to slow down TRP degradation in vivo.

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