scholarly journals Role of medical imaging for immune checkpoint blockade therapy: From response assessment to prognosis prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5399-5413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wei ◽  
Hanyu Jiang ◽  
Bin Song
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Prognosis Prediction

scholarly journals Rethinking immune checkpoint blockade: ‘Beyond the T cell’

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuting Liu ◽  
Graham D Hogg ◽  
David G DeNardo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade

The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has highlighted the central role of the immune system in cancer control. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can reinvigorate anti-cancer immunity and are now the standard of care in a number of malignancies. However, research on immune checkpoint blockade has largely been framed with the central dogma that checkpoint therapies intrinsically target the T cell, triggering the tumoricidal potential of the adaptive immune system. Although T cells undoubtedly remain a critical piece of the story, mounting evidence, reviewed herein, indicates that much of the efficacy of checkpoint therapies may be attributable to the innate immune system. Emerging research suggests that T cell-directed checkpoint antibodies such as anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) can impact innate immunity by both direct and indirect pathways, which may ultimately shape clinical efficacy. However, the mechanisms and impacts of these activities have yet to be fully elucidated, and checkpoint therapies have potentially beneficial and detrimental effects on innate antitumor immunity. Further research into the role of innate subsets during checkpoint blockade may be critical for developing combination therapies to help overcome checkpoint resistance. The potential of checkpoint therapies to amplify innate antitumor immunity represents a promising new field that can be translated into innovative immunotherapies for patients fighting refractory malignancies.

scholarly journals The role of neoantigen in immune checkpoint blockade therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yi ◽  
Shuang Qin ◽  
Weiheng Zhao ◽  
Shengnan Yu ◽  
Qian Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade

Association of the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome with responses and survival (PFS) in metastatic melanoma (MM) patients (pts) on anti-PD-1 therapy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3008-3008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ann Wargo ◽  
Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Christine Spencer ◽  
Tatiana Karpinets ◽  
Alexandre Reuben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Immune Profiling ◽  
Made In

3008 Background: Significant advances have been made in cancer therapy with immune checkpoint blockade. However, responses in pts with MM are variable, and insights are needed to identify biomarkers of response and strategies to overcome resistance. There is a growing appreciation of the role of the microbiome in cancer, and evidence in murine models that modulation of the gut microbiome may enhance responses to immune checkpoint blockade, though this has not been well studied in pts. Thus we evaluated the microbiome in a large cohort of pts with MM, focusing on responses to anti-PD-1. Methods: We collected oral (n = 234) and gut microbiome samples (n = 120) on a large cohort of of MM patients (n = 221). Of note, the majority of pts were treated with PD-1 based therapy (n = 105). Pts on anti-PD1 were classified as either responders (R) or non-responders (NR) based on RECIST criteria, and 16S rRNA and whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing were performed. Immune profiling (via immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, cytokines and gene expression profiling) was also done in available pre-treatment tumors at baseline. Results: Significant differences in diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were noted in R vs NR to anti-PD-1, with a higher diversity of bacteria in R vs NR (p = 0.03). Differences were also noted in the composition of gut bacteria, with a higher abundance of Clostridiales in R and of Bacteroidales in NR. Immune profiling demonstrated increased tumor immune infiltrates in R pts , with a higher density of CD8+T cells; this correlated with abundance of specific bacteria enriched in the gut microbiome (r = 0.59, 0.014). Other features of enhanced immunity were also noted, and WGS revealed differential metabolic signatures in R vs NR. Furthermore, diversity (p = 0.009; HR = 7.67) and abundance of specific bacteria in R (p = 0.007; HR = 3.88) was associated with improved PFS to anti-PD-1 therapy. Conclusions: Diversity and composition of the gut microbiome differ in R vs NR pts with MM receiving anti-PD-1 therapy. These have potentially far-reaching implications, though results need to be validated in larger cohorts across cancer types.

The application of immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer and the emerging role of nanoparticle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Masoumi ◽  
Sahar Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani ◽  
Leila Jafarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad-Javad Sanaei ◽  
Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade

Basic Overview of Current Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer

2016 ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamsidhar Velcheti ◽  
Kurt Schalper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Success

Recent success of immunotherapy strategies such as immune checkpoint blockade in several malignancies has established the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Cancers use multiple mechanisms to co-opt the host-tumor immune interactions, leading to immune evasion. Our understanding of the host-tumor interactions has evolved over the past few years and led to various promising new therapeutic strategies. This article will focus on the basic principles of immunotherapy, novel pathways/agents, and combinatorial immunotherapies.

scholarly journals The role of neoantigens in response to immune checkpoint blockade

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Riaz ◽  
Luc Morris ◽  
Jonathan J. Havel ◽  
Vladimir Makarov ◽  
Alexis Desrichard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade

scholarly journals Emerging role of SWI/SNF complex deficiency as a target of immune checkpoint blockade in human cancers

Oncogenesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhou ◽  
Jianlong Yuan ◽  
Yaqi Deng ◽  
Xianqun Fan ◽  
Jianfeng Shen
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Complex Deficiency ◽  
Specific Vulnerability ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractMammalian SWI/SNF complex is a key chromatin remodeler that reshapes nucleosomes and regulates DNA accessibility. Mutations in SWI/SNF subunits are found in a broad spectrum of human cancers; however, the mechanisms of how these aberrations of SWI/SNF complex would impact tumorigenesis and cancer therapeutics remain to be elucidated. Studies have demonstrated that immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is promising in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, suitable biomarkers that reliably predict the clinical response to ICB are still lacking. Emerging evidence has suggested that SWI/SNF components play novel roles in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity, and SWI/SNF deficiency can be therapeutically targeted by ICB. These findings manifest the prominence of the SWI/SNF complex as a stratification biomarker that predicts treatment (therapeutic) response to ICB. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in ICB therapy by harnessing the cancer-specific vulnerability elicited by SWI/SNF deficiency. We provide novel insights into a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which SWI/SNF functions as a modulator of anti-tumor immunity.

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